Identification and Application of Sectoral and Corporate Value Drivers
Coordination of Business Activities and Sustainability Practices in Shareholder Value Creation
Abstract
Today, businesses exist in a volatile and complex competitive environment. Measuring different aspects of performance and shareholder value is also complex and requires careful consideration. There are many business intelligence tools out there, one of which is structured numerical analysis. This also includes the financial benchmark, the importance of which increases during the expansion of the markets, but also during the withdrawal from the markets. Currently, a multi proportional method is used, and their connection with shareholder value creation has hardly spread. The goal is to examine the implementation of the EU directive, according to which companies can create long-term, sustainable values instead of short-term benefits. In our article, we present the use of tools that provide more information content in the financial benchmark. Our research questions: Why and how can corporate sustainable management, growth and value creation build on each other in practice? What quantitative and qualitative value creators can be identified from the past years? Where and how can the obtained results be applied? They even serve to replan the work of the decision-makers. We perform database and case analysis with the analysis module of the FINel financial expert system, which we supplement with content analysis and the results of corporate consulting work. The financial benchmark is the sectoral sample of the top 1000 Hungarian county companies and the AKI sample. Both samples contain aggregated data from balance sheets and profit and loss statements. While meeting or exceeding benchmarks as reference values is an important signal of success, underperformance is an early warning signal that can even lead to the destruction of the company's value.
References
Abel, A. B., 1983. Optimal Investment Under Uncertainty. American Economic Review, 73(1), 228-233.
Akalu, M. M., 2002. Measuring and Ranking Value Drivers. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.310999
Balachandran, B., Nagarajan, N. & Rappaport, A., 1986. Threshold Margins for Creating Economic Value. Financial Management, 15(4), 68-77.
Banerji, S. & Fang, D., 2021. Money as a Weapon: Financing a Winner-Take-All Competition. Journal of Corporate Finance, 66(C). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101783
Baños-Caballero, S., García-Teruel, P. J. & Martínez-Solano, P., 2014. Working Capital Management, Corporate Performance, and Financial Nonstraints. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.01.016
Bendell, T., Bouller, L. & Goodstadt, P. 1998. Benchmarking for Competitive Advantage. London: Pitman Publishing.
Bierly, P. & Chakrabarti, A., 1996. Generic Knowledge Strategies in the US Pharmaceutical Industry. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171111
Biloslavo, R., Bagnoli, C. & Edgar, D., 2018. An Eco-critical Perspective on Business Models: The Value Triangle as an Approach to Closing the Ssustainability Gap. Journal of Cleaner Production. 174(10), 746-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.281
Black, A., Wright, P. & Davies, J., 2001. In Search of Shareholder Value. Managing the Drivers of Performance. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Carroll, A. B., 2004. Managing Ethically With Global Stakeholders: A Present and Future Challenge. The Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.2004.13836269
Chan, K. C., Hung-Gay F. & Shen, C., 2019. Special Issue: Effects of Government, Changing Technology and Social Network in Greater China Markets: From Shadow Banking to Corporate Finance: An Introduction. International Review of Economics & Finance, 63(9), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.08.002
Copeland, T., Koller, T. & Murrin, J., 1999. Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies (2nd ed.). New Jersey: McKinsey & Company, Inc.
Delen, D., Kuzey, C. & Uyar, A. 2013. Measuring Firm Performance Using Financial Ratios: A Decision Tree Aapproach. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(10), 3970-3983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.01.012
Elkington, J., 1998. Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st-century Business. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers.
Freeman, R. E., 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
Friedman, M., 1970. The Social Responsibility of Business. The New York Times Magazine, September 13th. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html (2023.03.28.)
Gabzdylova, B., Raffensperger, J. F. & Castka, P., 2009. Sustainability in the New Zealand Wine Industry: Drivers, Sstakeholders and Practices. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(11), 992-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.02.015
Hansen, G. S. & Wernerfelt, B. 1989. Determinants of Firm Performance: The Relative Importance of Economic and Oorganizational Factors. Strategic Management Journal, 10(5), 399-411. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100502
Harrison, J. S. & Wicks, A. C., 2013. Stakeholder Theory, Value, and Firm Performance. Business Ethics Qquarterly, 23(01), 97-124. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq20132314
Huerga, A. & Rodríguez-Monroy, C., 2019. Mandatory Convertible Notes as a Sustainable Corporate Finance Instrument. Sustainability, 11(3), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030897
Ittner, C. D. & Larcker, D. F. 2001. Assessing Empirical Research in Managerial Accounting: a Value-based Management Perspective. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 32(1-3), 349-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00026-X
Johnsen, D. B., 2003. Socially Responsible Investing: A Critical Appraisal. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(3), 219-222. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022998232503
Kaplan, R. S. & Norton, D. P., 1996. Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System. Harvard Business Review, OnPoint, 36-48.
Katits, E., 2021. Fordulatkezelés a győr-moson-sopron megyei KKV mintában, avagy a turnaround pénzügyek aktualitása. In: Farkas Szilveszter (szerk.) Vállalkozások, kockázatok. Összegyűjtött dolgozatok. Győr: PMS 2000 Mérnöki Társaság.
Katits, E., 2017. Haladó vállalati (életciklus) pénzügyek – Pénzügyek változ(tat)ások idején. Sopron: Soproni Egyetemi Kiadó.
Katits, E., Szalka, É., Nagy F. & Könczöl, T. 2019. A magyar top cégek a turizmusban, avagy egy sikerre éhes ágazat pénzügyi diagnózisa. Budapest: Multidiszciplináris kihívások, sokszínű válaszok, 71-97. https://doi.org/10.33565/MKSV.2019.02.04
Koller, T., Goedhart., M. & Wessels, D., 2010. Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kucséber, L. Z., 2016. A hazai felvásárlás előtt és után: fókuszban a forgótőke-menedzselés. Hitelintézeti Szemle, 15(1), 70-90. http://epa.oszk.hu/02700/02722/00076/pdf/EPA02722_hitelintezeti_szemle_2016_1_070-090.pdf
Kucséber, L. Z. 2015. Hogyan befolyásolják a vállalatfelvásárlások a felvásárló cégek jövedelemtermelő képességét? Tér – Gazdaság – Emeber, 3(3), 55-67. http://kgk.sze.hu/images/dokumentumok/folyoirat/TGE_III_evf03.pdf
Mallinson, M. & French, N., 2000. The Nature and Relevance of Uncertainty and How it Might be Measured and Reported. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 18(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635780010316636
Merello, P., Barberá, A. & De la Poza, E., 2022. Is the Sustainability Profile of FinTech Companies a Key Driver of Their Value? Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 174, 121290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121290
Mills, R. & Print, C., 1995. Strategic Value Analysis. Management Accounting, 73(2). 35-37.
Nemzeti Fenntartható Fejlődési Tanács (2013): Nemzeti fenntartható fejlődési keretstratégia. https://eionet.kormany.hu/akadalymentes/download/1/26/71000/NFFT-HUN-web.pdf
Peylo, B. T., 2012. A Synthesis of Modern Portfolio Theoryand Sustainable Investment. The Journal of Investing, 21(4), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.3905/joi.2012.21.4.033
Portillo-Tarragona, P., Scarpellini, S., Moneva, J. M., Valero-Gil, J., & Aranda-Usón, A., 2018. Classification and Measurement of the Firms’ Resources and Capabilities Applied to Eco-Innovation Projects from a Resource-Based View Perspective. Sustainability, 10(9), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093161
Rahman, M. S., Bag, S., Gupta, S. & Sivarajah, U., 2023. Technology Readiness of B2B Firms and AI-based Customer Relationship Management Capability for Enhancing Social Sustainability Performance. Journal of Business Research. Elsevier 156 (C). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113525
Rappaport, A., 1998. Creating Shareholder Value. New York: Simon és Schuster
Rappaport, A., 2002. A tulajdonosi érték. Budapest: Alinea Kiadó
Rothaermel, F., 2017. Strategic Management. New York: McGraw Hill Education
Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P. & Saaeidi, S. A., 2015. How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Ccontribute to Firm Financial Performance? The Mediating Role of Competitive Advantage,Reputation, and Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.024
Scarlett, R.C., 1997. Value-Based Management. London: CIMA Publishing.
Sewpersadh, N. S., 2023. Disruptive Business Value Models in the Digital Era. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 12(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-022-00252-1
Schlossberger, E., 1994. A New Model of Business: Dual-investor Theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(04), 459-474. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857344
Schor, L., 2000. Topics in Value Based Management. Boston: The LEK/Alcar Consulting Group LLC.
Sertsios, G., 2020. Corporate Finance, Industrial Organization, and Organizational Economics. Journal of Corporate Finance, 64 (C), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101680
Siegrist, M., Bowman, G., Mervine, E. & Southam, C., 2020. Embedding Environment and Sustainability into Corporate Financial Decision-Making. Accounting & Finance, 60(1), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12533
Soppe, A., 2004. Sustainable Corporate Finance. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1-2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000039410.18373.12
Tantalo, C. & Priem, R. L., 2016. Value Creation Through Stakeholder Synergy. Strategic Management Journal, 37(2), 314-329. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2337
Todeschini, B. V., Cortimiglia, M. N., Callegaro-de-Menezes, D. & Ghezzi A., 2017. Innovative and Sustainable Business Models in the Fashion Industry: Entrepreneurial Drivers, Opportunities, and Challenges. Business Horizons, 60(6), 759-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.07.003
Turner, R. J., 1998. Projects for Shafreholder Value: the Influence of Project Managers. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J-Turner/publication/238078970_PROJECTS_FOR_SHAREHOLDER_VALUE_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_PROJECT_MANAGERS/links/0f31752d6d9552043f000000/PROJECTS-FOR-SHAREHOLDER-VALUE-THE-INFLUENCE-OF-PROJECT-MANAGERS.pdf (2023.04.28.)
Vítková, E. & Chovancová, J. & Veselý D., 2017. Value Driver and Its Impact on Operational Profit in Construction Company. Procedia Computer Science, 121, 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.049
Vochozka, M. & Machová, V., 2018. Determination of Value Drivers for Transport Companies in the Czech Republic. Nase More, 65(4), 197-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/NM/2018/4SI.6
Widelmann, H., 2008. Entwicklungstrend in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie: empirische Studie. München: TCW, Transfer-Centrum Verlag.