Cultural values, emotion and motivated cognition

  • Orsolya Thuma Budapest Business School, University of Appiled Sciences, Faculty of Commerce, Hospitality and Tourism, Department of Pedagogy
Keywords: cultural values, emotions, shared reality, conservatism, terror management theory, etnocentric comsumer

Abstract

The review explores how emotions and motivated cognition creates and protects traditions, cultural values within the community. We discuss the interplay of emotions, cognition, and behaviour. We overview the experimental literature on conservatism, its emotional roots, and behavioural consequences. The discussed studies imply that conservatist reactions can be regarded as a coping mechanism to decrease anxiety and increase perceived control within the community.

Author Biography

Orsolya Thuma, Budapest Business School, University of Appiled Sciences, Faculty of Commerce, Hospitality and Tourism, Department of Pedagogy

College Associate Professor

References

Adolphs, R., & Damasio, A. R., 2001. The interaction of affect and cognition: A neurobiological perspective. In: Forgas, J. P. (ed.) Handbook of affect and social cognition, pp. 27–49. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Arndt, J. & Vess, M., 2008. Tales from Existential Oceans: Terror Management Theory and How the Awareness of Our Mortality Affects Us All, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2), 909–928. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00079.x

Baron, J., 2020. Religion, cognitive style, and rational thinking. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 64-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.12.015

Benkei-Kovács, B., Farkas, J., Keszei, B., Hédi, Cs., Hübner, A., Popcsa, A. & Thuma, O., 2021. Inhabitants' reaction and attachment to local values, A case study of three Hungarian towns, Kulturális Szemle, 8(2), 27-43.

Burke, B. L., Kosloff, S. & Landau, M. J., 2013. Death Goes to the Polls: A Meta‐Analysis of Mortality Salience Effects on Political Attitudes, Political Psychology, 34(2), 183-200. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23481741

Burton, C. M., Plaks, J. E. & Peterson, J. B., 2015. Why do conservatives report being happier than liberals? The contribution of neuroticism, Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 3(1) 89-102. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.117

Butz, S., Kieslich, P. J. & Bless, H., 2017. Why are conservatives happier than liberals? Comparing different explanations based on system justification, multiple group membership, and positive adjustment, European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(3), 362-372. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2283

Calogero, R. M., Bardi, A. & Sutton, R. M., 2009. A need for basis values: Associations between the need for cognitive closure and value priorities. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 154-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.09.019

Carstensen, L. L., 2006. The influence of a sense of time on human development, Science, 312(5782), 1913-1915. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1127488

Chirumbolo, A., Areni, A. & Sensales, G., 2004. Need for cognitive closure and politics: Voting, political attitudes and attributional style. International Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590444000005

Cornelis, I., Hiel, A. V., Roets, A. & Kossowska, M., 2009. Age Differences in Conservatism: Evidence on the Mediating Effects of Personality and Cognitive Style, Personality, 77(1), 51-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00538.x

Dechêne, A., Stahl, C., Hansen, J. & Wänke, M., 2009. The Truth About the Truth: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Truth Effect, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(2), 238–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309352251

Desmet, P. M. A., & Hekkert, P., 2007. Framework of Product Experience. International Journal of Design, 1(1), 13-23.

Echterhoff, G., Higgins, E. T. & Levine, J. M., 2009. Experiencing commonality with others’ inner states about the world, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), 496-521.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01161.x

Eidelman, S., Crandall, C. S., Goodman, J. A. & Blanchar, J. C., 2012. Low-effort thought promotes political conservatism, Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 38(6), 808-820. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212439213

Forgas, J. P., 2013. Don’t Worry, Be Sad! On the Cognitive, Motivational, and Interpersonal Benefits of Negative Mood, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214124744

Fredrickson, B. L., 2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218

Fredrickson, B. L., 1998. What Good Are Positive Emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300

Gáspár, L., 1997. Neveléselmélet, OKKER, Bp.

Greenberg, J., Solomon, T. & Pyszczynski, S., 1997. Terror Management Theory of Self-Esteem and Cultural Worldviews: Empirical Assessments and Conceptual Refinements, Advancements in Experimental Socialpscychology, 29, 61-139.

Hardin, C. D. & Higgins, E. T., 1996. Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective. In: Sorrentino, R. M. & Higgins, E. T. (eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition, Vol. 3. The interpersonal context, pp. 28–84. The Guilford Press.

Henderson, E. L., Simons, D. J. & Barr, D. J., 2021. The Trajectory of Truth: A Longitudinal Study of the Illusory Truth Effect, Journal of Cognition, 4(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.161

Higgins, E. T., Rossignac-Milon, M. & Echterhoff, G., 2021. Shared Reality: From Sharing-Is-Believing to Merging Minds, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721421992

Hunyady, Gy., 2018. Rendszerigazolás és rendszerkritika, Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle, 73(2), 269-298. https://doi.org/10.1556/0016.2018.004

Jost, J. T., van der Linden, S., Panagopoulos, C. & Hardin, C. D., 2018. Ideological asymmetries in conformity, desire for shared reality, and the spread of misinformation, Current Opinion in Psychology, 23, 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.01.003

Jost, T., Napier, J. L., Thorisdottir, H, Gosling, S. D., Palfai, T. P. & Ostafin, B., 2007. Are needs to manage uncertainty and threat associated with political conservativism or ideological extremity?, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(7), https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207301028

Kay, A. C., Shepherd S., Blatz C. W., Chua S. N. & Galinsky, A. D., 2010. For God (or) country: the hydraulic relation between government instability and belief in religious sources of control, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 725-739. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021140

Kruglanski, A. W., 2005. A zárt gondolkodás pszichológiája. Budapest, Osiris Kiadó.

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. & Diener, E., 2005. The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?, Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803

Macchia, L. & Plagnol, A. C., 2019. The Subjective Well-Being Political Paradox: Evidence from Latin America. In: Rojas, M. (ed.) The Economics of Happiness. Springer, Chambridge. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15835-4_16

Malota, E., 2003. A fogyasztói etnocentrizmus. In: Hunyady, Gy. & Székely, M. (eds.) Gazdaságpszichológia, Osiris, Budapest. pp. 297-303.

Mesquita, B., Boiger, M. & De Leersnyder, J., 2016. The cultural construction of emotions, Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.015.

Mogilner, C., Kamvar, S. D. & Aaker, J., 2010. The shifting meaning of happiness, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(4), 395-402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610393987

Mucha, L., Kovács, I., Oravecz, T. & Totth, G., 2020. Az etnocentrizmus szerepe a vásárlói döntésekben, Gazdálkodás, 64(1), 35-54.

Napier, J. L., Bettinsoli, M. L. & Suppes, A., 2020. The palliative function of system-justifying ideologies, Current Opinio in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 129-134.

Nawijn, J., & Biran, A., 2019. Negative emotions in tourism: A meaningful analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(19), 2386–2398. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1451495

Newman, D. B., Schwarz, N., Graham, J. & Stone, A. A., 2019. Conservatives report greater meaning in life than liberals, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(4), 494-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550618768241

Okulicz-Kozaryn, A., Holmes, O., & Avery, D. R., 2014. The subjective well-being political paradox: Happy welfare states and unhappy liberals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1300–1308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037654

Oren, G., Shani, A. & Poria, Y., 2021. Dialectical emotions in a dark heritage site: A study at the Auschwitz Death Camp, Tourism Management, 82, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104194

Papadopoulos, N. & Heslop L. A., 1993. (Szerk) Product-Country Images, Impact and Role in International Marketing, Rutledge, New York.

Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. & Beracs, J., 1990. National Stereotypes and Product Evaluations in a Socialist Country, International Marketing Review, 7.

Ponce de Leon, R. & Kay, A. C., 2020. Politicak ideology and compensatory control mechanisms, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.02.013

Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S. & Greenberg, J., 2015. Chapter One – Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory From Genesis to Revelation, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001

Shimp, T. A., Sharma, S. & Shin, J., 1995. Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Test of Antecedents and Moderators, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(1), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02894609

Skurnik, I. Yoon, C., Park, D. C. & Schwarz, N., 2005. How Warnings about False Claims Become Recommendations, Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 713-724. https://doi.org/10.1086/426605

Smith, L. & Campbell, G., 2015. The elephant in the room: Heritage, affect and emotion In: Logan, W., Nic Craith, M. & Kockel, U. A Companion to Heritage Studies. Wiley-Balckwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118486634.ch30

Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L., 1990. The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments, Ethology and Sociobiology, 11(4–5), 375-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(90)90017-Z

Watson, S., 2016. Why do emotions matter in museums and heritage sites? Chapter 4, In: van Boxtel, C., Grever, M. & Klein, S. (eds.) Sensitive Pasts: Questioning Heritage in Education pp. 75-91.

Williams, P. & Drolet, A., 2005. Age-Related Differences in Responses to Emotional Advertisements, Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 343-354. https://doi.org/10.1086/497545

Wojcik, S. P., Hovasapian, A., Graham, J., Motyl, M. & Ditto, P. H., 2015. Conservatives report, but liberals display, greater happiness, Science, 347(6227), 1243-1246. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260817

Yalom, I. D., 2004. Egzisztenciális pszichoterápia, Animula, Budapest.

Published
2023-06-30
How to Cite
ThumaO. (2023). Cultural values, emotion and motivated cognition. Multidisciplinary Challenges, Diverse Responses - Journal of Management and Business Administration, 145-165. https://doi.org/10.33565/MKSV.2023.KSZ.01.06