First occurrence of echinoid genus Brissus in the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Hungary and description of Brissus mihalyi n. sp.
Keywords:
Echinodermata, Central Paratethys, upper Badenian, Leitha Limestone, taxonomy
Abstract
Echinoids are characteristic fossils of the Central Paratethyan Miocene marine sediments, particularly in the Badenian (Middle Miocene), which is coeval with the Langhian and the early Serravallian. The Leitha Limestone Formation of normal-salinity, shallow-marine facies can be traced from Slovenia to Bulgaria and from Austria to Ukraine including the southern part of Poland. In Hungary the Leitha Limestone Formation contains several layers which yielded a high diversity of echinoids.
In Budapest and in its immediate vicinity only the upper Badenian part of the Leitha Limestone Formation occurs, which has been classified into the Rákos Member.
In Budapest the predominant part of fossil echinoderms indicates late Badenian age. The previously found echinoids came from several localities, for example from road cuts; however, most of the specimens were found in excavation pits since the 1960’s until the 1980’s, e.g. in the course of the canalization works of Gyakorló utca and Kerepesi út and the construction of the Sugár Mall in Örs vezér tér in the Eastern part of the city. The main collectors were Péter Solt, Pál Müller and Sándor Mihály; the latter established an echinoderm collection in the Hungarian Geological Institute. In this collection the fossil record found in Budapest comprises more than 500 echinoids. Mihály himself also studied these specimens but — despite the large collection — he published only few papers due to his regrettable early death.
Badenian strata exposed later, during the construction of a new shopping mall (Árkád 1) in 2001-2002, contained echinoids, as well. Newly collected material recovered from the biogenic sands of the Leitha Limestone Formation outcropping within the city of Budapest provides novel data on the Upper Badenian echinoid fauna of Hungary.
The collected material (except the holotype which is located in the Hungarian Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary) belongs to Mihály Dunai’s private collection. The specimens initially were covered by calcareous biogenic sand which required preparation by root and wire brush. We made comparative studies in the collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna. This material contains most of the Austrian Badenian Brissus abeli fossils including the paratype of Brissus abeli (Reidl 1941). Based on this research and the study of images in the literature, it can be stated that — compared to other fossil Brissus forms — the new Hungarian Brissus material has outstandingly good preservation The following morphological characters has been measured: length, width and height of the test, distance from the apical disc from anterior margin, maximal width of plastron, and horizontal width of subanal fasciole.
Here we record, for the first time, members of the genus Brissus from the Middle Miocene of Hungary. The material is attributed to two different taxa, namely B. abeli (Reidl, 1941), also known from contemporary deposits of Austria and the Western Ukraine, and a new species of Brissus, i.e. Brissus mihalyi n. sp. The latter can be clearly distinguished from previously described species of the genus Brissus by its very anterior apical disc and wide angle between its anterior paired petals.
The novel material provides new insight into the taxonomy, distribution and evolution of the genus Brissus and the Badenian echinoid fauna of the Central Paratethys.
References
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HARZHAUSER, M., PILLER, W. E., STEININGER, F. F. 2002: Circum-Mediterranean Oligo–Miocene biogeographic evolution – the gastropods’ point of view. — Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 183, 103–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(01)00464-3
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