Civil Society and Economic Development in Morocco
Mapping the Associative Sector
Abstract
Civil society organizations (CSOs), primarily associations, have grown significantly in Morocco since the promulgation of the Dahir on the Right of Association in 1958. While much research has addressed their political and social roles, their economic contribution remains under-documented. Using secondary data from the Census of Economic Establishments 2023/2024 (CEE) conducted by the High Commission for Planning, this paper analyzes the structure, distribution, and fields of activity of Moroccan associations. The CEE identified 27,481 nonprofit associations operating in independent premises, representing 2.1% of all national establishments, with concentrations in Souss-Massa (15.7%), Marrakech-Safi (15.0%), and Casablanca-Settat (12.8%). Functionally, they are most active in development and housing (27.9%), education and research (26.2%), and culture, sport, and leisure (22.5%). Although precise employment and budgetary data are lacking, evidence suggests CSOs act as both social partners and economic actors, delivering services, fostering inclusion, and supporting local economies. Future research should quantify their employment and financial impact.
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