Petrographic investigation of the Triassic volcanogenic formations of the Eastern Bakony and interpretation of their genesis
Keywords:
Eastern Bakony, volcanogenic sandstone, petrography, ladin volcanism, Southern Alps, palaeogeography
Abstract
A Middle and Late Triassic (Ladinian – Lower Carnian) volcanogenic clastic succession can be found in the Eastern Bakony, in the Transdanubian Range of Hungary. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate the petrographic characteristics of the rocks of this succession and compare them to some coeval volcanic formations of the Transdanubian and Southern Alps. The rocks can be investigated in the surface outcrops of the Hideg Valley of Inota as well as in the boreholes of Bakonykúti Bút–2 and Várpalota Vpt–3. The volcanogenic succession can be subdivided into two main parts with reference to the the boreholes. Its lower, fine-grained part contains predominantly volcanic rocks, numerous carbonized plant remnants, and a few crinoidea fragments. Its upper, coarse-grained part contains a lot of volcanic and limestone pebbles and Daonella fragments. The following rock types have been identified by macroscopic, polarization and electron microscopic investigations: a large amount of intermediate volcanic rocks (andesite), mafic volcanic rocks (scoria basalt, basalt and microdolerite), a smaller amount of silicic volcanic rocks (rhyolite / rhyolite tuff, aplite), and some related crystal fragments.
The source area probably consisted of some kind of Middle and Late Triassic volcanic rocks (mafic-intermediate lava rocks and depositions from a phreatomagmatic explosion); today, the related representatives of the latter are located in the Transdanubian Range (the closest location is the area of Balatonfő) and in the Southern Alps (especially the Dolomites). At this time the Southern Alps were located close to the area of the Transdanubian Range Unit and the volcanic event was the most intensive and extensive to occur there. The upper part of the volcanogenic conglomerate/pebbly sandstone was formed in a similar way to the Wengen and Marmolada Formation in the Southern Alps. The volcanic material originated from nearby terrestric sources and these consist of mostly intermediate and mafic rocks. It was transported under sea by mass movements and was deposited in the surrounding basin of platforms. The formation of the lower part of the succession was different from the above. The first step was a phreatomagmatic explosion which resulted in a mafic-intermediate deposit in a shallow marine / terrestrial environment. Immediately after this event the volcanic material was re-deposited in a basin by mass movements.
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GIANOLLA, P., DE ZANCHE, V. & MIETTO, P. 1998: Triassic sequence stratigraphy in the Southern Alps (Northern Italy): definition of sequences and basin evolution. — In: Mesozoic-Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60, 723–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.98.02.0719
GYALOG L. & CSÁSZÁR G. 1990: A Bakony hegység fedetlen földtani térképe M = l : 50 000. — A Magyar Állami Földt. Int. kiadv., Budapest
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HAAS, J. & BUDAI, T. 1999: Triassic sequence stratigraphy of the Transdanubian Range, Hungary. — Geologica Carpathica 50/6, 459–475.
HAAS, J., KOVÁCS, S., KRYSTYN, L. & LEIN, R. 1995: Significance of Late Permian-Triassic facies zones in terrane reconstructions in the Alpine-North Pannonian domain. — Tectonophysics 242, 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)00157-5
HARANGI, SZ., SZABÓ, CS., JÓZSA, S. & SZOLIDÁN, ZS. 1996: Mesozoic Igneous Suites in Hungary: Implications for Genesis and Tectonic Setting in the Northwestern Part of Tethys. — International Geology Review 38, 336–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206819709465339
HORVÁTH, E. & TARI, G. 1987: Middle Triassic volcanism in the Buda Mountains. — Annales Universitas Scientiarum Budapestiensis de Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, Sect. Geol. 27, 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00499.x
JÓNSDÓTTIR, T. 2015: Grain size distribution and characteristics of the tephra from the AD 871±2 Vatnaöldur and Katla 1918 eruptions, Iceland. — Manuscript, M.Sc. dissertation, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 166 p.
KÓKAY, J. & RAINCSÁK, Gy. 1983: Földtani leírás a Várpalota és Hajmáskér (Lőtér) jelű 20 000-es földtani térkép területéhez. — Kézirat, Földt. Int. Középhegységi Adattár (1. sz. Vp32), 37–53.
KUBOVICS, I. 1985: Mesozoic magmatism of the Transdanubian Mid-Mountains. — Acta Geologica Hungarica 28/3–4, 141–164.
KUBOVICS, I., SZABÓ, CS., HARANGI, SZ. & JÓZSA, S. 1990: Petrology and petrochemistry of mesozoic magmatic suites in Hungary and adjacent areas – an overview. — Acta Geod. Geoph. Mont. Hung. 25/3–4, 345–371.
KUSTATSCHER, E. & VAN KONIJNENBURG-VAN CITTERT, J. 2005: The Ladinian Flora (Middle Triassic) of the Dolomites: palaeo -environmental reconstructions and palaeoclimatic consideratieons. — Geo. Alp. 2, 31–51.
MARROCCHINO, E., COLTORTI, M., VISONŔ, D. & THIRWALL, M. F. 2002: Petrology of Predazzo magmatic complex (Trento, Italy). — Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66/15A, Suppl. 1, A486–A486.
MAURER, F. & SCHLAGER, W. 2003: Lateral variations in sediment composition and bedding in Middle Triassic interplatform basins (Buchenstein Formation, southern Alps, Italy). — Sedimentology 50, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00499.x
MCPHIE, J., DOYLE, M. & ALLEN, R. 1993: Volcanic textures: a guide to interpretation of textures in volcanic rocks. — National Library of Australia, 198 p.
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Published
2017-03-13
How to Cite
Farics Éva, & JózsaS. (2017). Petrographic investigation of the Triassic volcanogenic formations of the Eastern Bakony and interpretation of their genesis. Földtani Közlöny, 147(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.23928/foldt.kozl.2017.147.1.25
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