Study of the relationship between adolescent health risk behavoir and mental well-being among middle school students
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence should get a high attention due to bio-psycho-social changes as well as the adolescents’ mental health and the critical period of their experimenting behavior regarding substance use. In order to prevent the short and long term harmful effects of substance use and the negative consequences of poor psychological well-being it is essential to identify the risk and prfotective factors. Previous studies revealed that well-being, intrapersonal assets (e.g., self-control) and interpersonal connections can reduce the risk of substance use. Therefore, the aim of our study has been to examine the relationship between the adolescents’ health risk behavior and their well- being and, to identify the role of several psychological factors whether lowering or increasing the odds of smoking and drinking. Moreover, another aim was to explore differences by gender and special education needs.
Methodology: The sample was collected in the period of May and June (2021), and it contained of middle school students (n = 164, M=13.3 and SD=1,1 years; 55% males). Forty-one students reported having special educational needs. The self-administered questionnaire measured substance use, psychological and general well-being, life satisfaction, social support, resilience, self-esteem and self-control. Results were analyzed by Chi-square and Student t-tests, and logistic regression analysis.
Results: There were no gender differences in frequencies of smoking and drinking including both trying and using. In terms of the examined psychological variables, boys scored significantly higher on the following scales: self-esteem, life satisfaction, general and psychological well-being, and resilience. The logistic regression analysis identified self-control, life satisfaction, general well-being, happiness and perseverance as protective factors in both types of substance use. In the case of smoking, social support from the family and self-esteem were also protective factors. In the case of alcohol use, the presence of a diagnosis of learning disability proved to lower the odds.
Conclusion: All in all, a relationship can be justified between adolescents’ mental well-being and their health risk behavior. Our results indicate the age-specific characteristics and draw the attention to the important role of social network and support. Findings of our study can contribute to the success of prevention and intervention programs on youth health behavior.
References
A 2011. évi CXC. törvény A nemzeti köznevelésről https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a1100190.tv, Letöltve, 2022.03.01.
Avramidis, E. & Aroni, K. (2020). “With a little help from my best friend…”: Exploring the social functioning of students with moderate learning difficulties in inclusive educational settings. International Journal of Educational Research, 103, 101640. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101640
Bahramnejad, A., Iranpour, A., Karamoozian, A., Nakhaee, N. (2020). Universal school-based intervention for increasing resilience, and its effect on substance use. Children and Youth Services Review, 18, 105378. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105378
Bech, P., Gudex, C., & Johansen, K. S. (1996). The WHO (Ten) well-being index: validation in diabetes. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(4), 183–190. doi: 10.1159/000289073
Borca, G., Rabaglietti, E., Roggero, A., Keller, P., Haak, E., & Begotti, T. (2017). Personal values as a mediator of relations between perceived parental support and control and youth substance use. Substance Use & Misuse, doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1293103.
Carroll, A., Hougton, S., & Bourgeois, A. (2014). Self-reported substance use among high school students with and without learning difficulties. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 19(1), 47-59. doi: 10.1080/19404158.2014.909861
Cheng, H. & Furnham, A. (2019). Teenage locus of control, psychological distress, educational qualifications and occupational prestige as well as gender as independent predictors of adult binge drinking. Alcohol, 76, 103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.008
Diener, E. & Chan, M. Y. (2011). Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributes to health ang longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 3(1), 1-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
DSM-5 Referencia kézikönyv a DSM-5 diagnosztikai kritériumaihoz (2014). Oriold és Társai.
Elekes, Zs., Arnold, P., & Bencsik, N. (2020). Iskolások egészségkárosító magatartása 25 év távlatában. A 2019. évi ESPAD kutatás magyarországi eredményei. Budapest Corvinus Egyetem.
ESPAD Group (2020). ESPAD Report 2019: Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, EMCDDA Joint Publications, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. doi: 10.2810/877033
Evans, B. E., Greaves-Lord, K., Euser, A. S., Tulen, J. H.M., Franken, I. H. A., & Huizink, A. C. (2012). Alcohol and tobacco use and heart rate reactivity to a psychosocial stressor in an adolescent population. Drug and Alcohol Dependece, 126, 296-303. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.031
Fitzgerald, A., Maguire, J., & Dooley, B. (2016). Substance misuse and behavioral adjustment problems in Irish adolescence: Examining contextual risk and social proximal factors. Substance Use & Misuse, 51(13). 1790-1809. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1197938
Friedman, H. S. & Kern, M. L. (2014). Personality, well-being, and health. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 719-742. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115123
Gál, Z., Jámbori, Sz., Kasik L., Fejes, J. B. (2019): Az észlelt tanulmányi sikeresség és az iskolai jóllét pszichológiai erőforrásainak összefüggése középiskolás diákok körében. Magyar Pedagógia, 119(4), 265-285. doi:10.17670/MPed.2019.4.265
Gordon, M., Russel, B. S., & Finan, L. J. (2019). The influence of parental support and community belonging on socioeconomic status and adolescent substance use over time. Substance Use & Misuse. doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1654513
Hamvai Cs. & Pikó, B. (2009). Serdülők szubjektív jóllétét meghatározó társas tényezők a családban és az iskolában. Új Pedagógiai Szemle, 59(4), 30-42.
Heizomi, H., Allahverdipour, H., Jafarabadi, M.A., & Safaian, A. (2015). Happiness and its relation to psychological well-being of adolescents. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.05.037
Inchley, J., Currie, D., Budisavljevic, S., Torsheim, T., Jåstad, A., Cosma, A., (2020). Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being. Findings from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Volume 1. Key findings. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Jámbori, Sz. & Kőrössy, J. (2019). A szándékos önszabályozás jelentősége serdülő és fiatal felnőttkorban a társas támogatás, az identitásállapotok és a reziliencia tükrében. Alkalmazott Pszichológia, 19(3), 33-52. doi: 10.17627/AlkPszich.2019.3.33
Járai, R., Hargitai, R., Nagy, L. Csókasi, K., & Kiss, E. Cs. (2015). A Connor Davidson Reziliencia kérdőív 10 itemes változatának jellemzői. Alkalmazott Pszichológia, 15(1), 129-136. doi: 10.17627/ALKPSZICH.2015.1.129
McKee, K., Russell, M., Mennis, J., Mason, M., & Neale, M. (2020). Emotion regulation dynamics predict substance use in high-risk adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106374. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106374
Kriston, P. & Pikó, B. (2016). Serdülőkorú fiatalok rizikómagatartásának elemzése önminősített egészségi állapotukkal összefüggésben. Népegészségügy, 94(1), 22-32.
Lin, N., Simeone, R.S., Ensel, W.M., & Kuo, W. (1979). Social support, stressful life events, and illness: A model and an empirical test. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 20, 108–119. doi: 10.2307/2136433
Lombardi, E., Traficante, D., Bettoni, R., Offredi, I., Vernice, M., & Sarti, D. (2021). Comparison on well-being, egagement and perceived school climate in secondary school students with learning difficulties and specific learning disorders: An exploratory study. Behavioral Sciences, 11(7). 103. doi: 10.3390/bs11070103
Lowthian, E., Page, N., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Murphy, S., Hewitt, G., & Moore, G. (2021). Using latent class analysis to explore complex associations between socioeconomic status and adolescent health and wellbeing. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69, 774-781. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.06.013
Luszczynska, A., Diehl, M., Gutiérrez-Dona, B., & Tötterman, P. (2004). Measuring one component of dispositional self-regulation: Attention control in goal pursuit. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(3), 555-566. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2003.09.026
Martos, T., Sallay, V., Désfalvi, J., Szabó, T., & Ittzés, A. (2014). Az Élettel való Elégedettség Skála magyar változatának (SWLS-H) pszichometriai jellemzői. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 15(3), 289–303. doi: 10.1556/Mental.15.2014.3.9
Novita, S., Uyun, Q., Witruk, E., & Siregar, J. K. (2019). Children with yslexia in different cultures: Investigation of anxiety and coping strategies of children with dyslexia in Indonesia and Germany. Annals of Dyslexia, 69, 204-218. doi: 10.1007/s11881-019-00179-5
Németh, Á., Horváth, Zs., & Várnai, D. (2019). Egészségmagatartás serdülőkorban – Mi történt az ezredforduló után? Educatio, 28(3), 472-494. doi: 10.1556/2063.28.2019.3.3
Papp-Zipernovszky, O., Kékesi, M. Z., & Jámbori, Sz. (2017). A Multidimenzionális Észlelt Társas Támogatás Kérdőív magyar nyelvű validálása. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 18(3), 230-262. doi: 10.1556/0406.18.2017.011
Pikó, B. & Kiss, H. (2019). Dohányzás és okostelefon-függőség fiatalok körében: a motivációk differenciáló szerepe klaszterelemzésben. Iskolakultúra, 29(8), 36-46. doi: 10.14232/ISKKULT.2019.8.36
Pikó, B. & Hamvai, Cs. (2012). Stressz, coping és reziliencia korai serdülőkorban. Iskolakultúra, 9, 24-33.
Ronen, T., Hamama, L., Rosenbaum, M., & Mishely-Yarlap, A. (2016). Subjective well-being in adolescence: the Role of self-control, social support, age, gender and familial crisis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 81-104. doi: 10.1007/s10902-014-9585-5
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ruberu, T. L. M., Kenyon, E. A., Hudson, K. A., Filbey, F., Ewing, S. W. F., Biswas, S., & Choudhary, P. K. (2022). Joint risk prediction for hazardous use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco among adolescents: A preliminary study using statistical and machine learning. Preventive Medicine Reports, 25, 101674. doi: 10.1016/j. pmedr.2021.101674
Sallay, V., Martos, T., Földvári, M., Szabó, T., & Ittzés, A. (2014). A Rosenberg Önértékelés Skála (RSES-H): alternatív fordítás, strukturális invariancia és validitás. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 15(3), 259-275. doi: 10.1556/Mental.15.2014.3.7
Schwartz, S. J., Phelps, E., Lerner, J. V., Huang, S., Brown, C. H., Lewin-Bizan, S., Li, Y., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). Promotion as prevention: Trajectories of positive youth development as protective against tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug, and sex initiation. Applied Developmental Science, 14, 197–211. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2010.516186
Schwartz, S. J., Waterman, A. S., Vazsonyi, A. T., Zamboanga, B. L., Whitbourne, A. K., Weiskirch, R. S., Vernon, M., Caraway, S. J., Kim, S. Y., Forthum, L.F., Donnellan, M. B., & Ham, L. S. (2011). The association of wellbeing with health risk behaviors on college-attending young adults. Applied Developmental Science, 15(1). 20-36. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2011.538617
Schwinn, T. M., Schinke, S. P., & Trent, D. N. (2010). Substance use among late adolescent urban youths: Mental health and gender influences. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 30-34. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.08.005
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, Ch. (2005). Positive psychology progress. Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410-421. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
Steinberg, L. (2007). Adolescence (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Stewart-Brown, S. & Janmohamed, K. (2008). Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale. User guide. Version, 1.
Sukamti, N., Keliat, B.A., & Wardani, Y. (2019). The influence of coping skills training and family health education on self-esteem among adolescents in substance abuse prevention. Enfermería Clínica, 29(S2), 532-534. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.081
Susánszky, É., Konkolÿ Thege, B., Stauder, A., & Kopp, M. (2006). A WHO Jól-lét Kérdőív rövidített (WBI-5) magyar változatának validálása a Hungarostudy 2002 országos lakossági egészségfelmérés alapján. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 7(3), 247–255. doi: 10.1556/mental.7.2006.3.8
Varga, Sz. & Pikó, B. (2015). Társas és egyéni pszichológiai tényezők szerepe a serdülők rizikómagatartásában. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 16(1), 35-54. doi: 10.1556/Mental.15.2014.003
Walsh, S. D., Sela, T., De Looze, M., Craig, W., Cosma, A., Harel-Dich, Y., Boniel-Nissim, M., Malinowska-Cieslik, M., Vieno, A., Molcho, M., Ng, K., & Pickett, W. (2020). Cluster of contemporary risk and their relationship to mental well-being among 15-year old adolescent across 37 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66, S40-S49. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.012
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Wilcockson, T. D. W., Pothos, E. M., & Fawcett, A. J. (2016). Dyslexia and substance use in a university
undergraduate population. Substance Use & Misuse, 51(1), 15-22. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1073322
Wills, T. A. & Sishion, T. J. (2004). Temperament and adolescent substance use: A transactional analysis of emerging self-control. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 69-81. doi: 10.1207/ S15374424JCCP3301_7
Zhou, J., Huebner, E. S., & Tian, L. (2021). Co-developmental trajectories of psychological need satisfactions at school: Relations to mental health and academic functioning in Chinese elementary school students. Learning and Instruction, 74, 101465. doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101465
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Zullig, K. J., Valois, R. F., Huebner, S. E., Oeltmann, J. E., & Drane, W. J. (2001). Relationship between perceived life satisfaction and adolescents’ substance abuse. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29, 279–288. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00269-5
Copyright (c) 2023 Réka Dudok, , Bettina Pikó,
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.