Mineral and vitamin deficiencies in coeliac disease
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten exposure in genetically susceptible individuals. Its global prevalence is approximately 1%, although a substantial proportion of cases remain undiagnosed. Untreated, active disease is characterized by small intestinal mucosal damage and consequent malabsorption, leading to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Iron, folate, zinc, vitamin B12, and vitamin D deficiencies are particularly significant, as their recognition not only supports the diagnostic process but also has major implications for long-term outcomes and quality of life. In this review, we examined the prevalence of the most common vitamin and mineral deficiencies in coeliac disease and summarized the available literature on this topic.
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