Slovenia’s Nuclear Energy Pathway: Strategic Expansion, Regulatory Hurdles, and Future Prospects

Abstract

Slovenia boasts a longstanding tradition in the field of nuclear energy generation, with the Krško Nuclear Power Plant (NEK) traditionally playing an important role in the national energy system. As the country plans its future energy mix, nuclear power con- tinues to figure prominently, not least in light of the proposed JEK2 project. However, the development of new nuclear facilities faces significant challenges, including lengthy reg- ulatory procedures, complex construction processes, financial uncertainties, long-term issues related to nuclear fuel supply and waste management, as well as broader concerns regarding public acceptance. This article focuses on the legal dimensions shaping Slove- nia’s nuclear energy pathway, with non-legal considerations introduced solely insofar as they serve to elucidate or reinforce the legal analysis. Within this framework, the licens- ing process in Slovenia is examined in detail, with particular regard to its multi-step structure and the administrative challenges it poses. In addition, issues related to public procurement procedures, transparency, and governance are well discussed, particularly considering past infrastructure project failures. While Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being explored as a potential long-term solution, their licensing and deployment remain uncertain due to regulatory and spatial constraints. The paper also emphasises the importance of strategic workforce planning. Ultimately, the attainment of a resilient and secure energy future in Slovenia demands not only continued investment in nuclear infrastructure, but also a broader consideration of energy efficiency, security risks, and long-term sustainability—considerations which are addressed herein.