Using priority effect, propagule pressure and trait similarity to control invasive species by sowing native species
Abstract
Ecological restoration is an important tool in controlling plant invasions by management and increasing biotic resistance. We hypothesize that priority effect, increased propagule pressure of native species, and trait similarity enhance invasion resistance. In a controlled experiment, we tested the competition between three invasive species, representing different life forms and functional groups, and four native sandy grassland plant species with varying degrees of similarity. In the case of Asclepias syriaca, seed density and the sowing of similar native species were determinant. For Conyza canadensis, all three factors had a significant effect. Priority hindered seedling establishment in Tragus racemosus. Our results suggest that establishment of invasive plants can be limited by sowing native species, especially with higher seed densities and in seed mixes and by ensuring their earlier presence. Enhanced resistance can be achieved through a combination of different treatments.
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