Heritage sociological study of traditional and modern rustic dwelling houses

Abstract

The paper focuses on the social acceptance of rural dwelling houses. It is based on the theory of Hajnal István, who is inspired of the sociology of Durkheim as well. The type of dwelling is considered as a morphologic fact. So the house shows the social change in the rural environment. The first group consists of the representatives of traditional rustic dwelling houses. The second and third periods represent the socialist era: the typical single-storey house with a tent roof, characteristic of the 1960s and 1970s, and the multi-storeyed white or grey house of the 1980s. The fourth period tries to grip the dwelling demand of the differentiated, urbanized society after the change of regime. It is important to mention that the four period representing dwellings are to find in the heritage of today Hungarian villages. The questionnaire asks for the opinion of the persons who live or work in the surveyed building (N=400). It was verified the connection between new dwelling types and social changing (mobilization). The survey showed a striking difference between the attitudes of strata to the values of built environment. The paper advances the before the second word war build heritage. In the answers are to observe the different types of Folklorismus. The “all days Folklorismus” preserves peasant values: the society represents a unitary world of taste, there are no differences according to parameters of education, gender, age in the judgment of the four buildings evaluated in details. The mentality that measures the representational value of the house, its size, as well as the aspiration to the newest and the rejection of the old, that is out of usage or is simply considered anachronistic, can all be considered as peasant features. These kinds of after-effects of the peasant values don’t allow the plurality characteristic of the modern civilized society, the judgment of taste that prefers the heritage of the aged folk architecture is labeled as extravagance. The “artic Folklorismus” makes a growing status for the rustic houses. This art of Folklorismus brings elements from the whole country. At the end will be showed some aspects of heritage, witch determine the rural development. It will be showed that villages preserving rural heritage have a special chance for develop.