Onychomycosis

Abstract

Onychomycosis is a common, chronic fungal nail infection affecting the toenails and fingernails. Causative agents are dermatophytes, yeasts and nondermatophyte moulds, however mixed infections can also occur. Microscopy and fungal culture are the gold standard techniques for onychomycosis diagnosis, however histology and PCR are also accurate methods. There are several treatment options available, including oral and topical antifungal drugs, and devices. Onychomycosis may cause physical dyscomfort and increase the risk for bacterial infections (erysipelas, cellulitis) in immunocompromised patients. Differential diagnosis of onychomycosis includes psoriasis, traumatic nail disorders, and onychogryphosis.