Submissions

Author Guidelines

Iustum Aequum Salutare invites submissions of 8,000‒16,000 words (including footnotes). In special cases, shorter or longer papers can be accepted, however, such case notes or book reviews should not have less than 4,500 words, lead articles cannot exceed 25,000 words (including footnotes).

Manuscripts should be submitted together with an Abstract of 200 words in length, and up to five keywords. The purpose of the Abstract is to provide a concise overview of the article, and capture the attention of the readers. It cannot be a compilation of sentences of the paper.

I          Preparation of Manuscripts

1          General Rules

1.1       The main text and references should be in Times New Roman, font size 12, justified, with 0 pt spacing and single line spacing, without syllabication. The same applies to the footnotes, however, the font size there is 10 pt.

1.2       The author’s institutional affiliation appears in the first, asterisked reference: up to two current affiliations (institution(s) in brackets) and ORCID (if applicable) can be listed.

Example:

CENTERED CAPITALS FOR TITLE

Centered Subtitle in Title Case and Italics

Centered Author’s Name*

[In the footnotes] * Affiliation(s).

1.3       Text should be structured properly, up to three levels, marked with bold Arabic numbers. For example, ‘3.3.1 Relevant Case Law of the CJEU’ is the last subhead; there cannot be a ‘3.3.1.1’ subsection.

1.4       All paragraphs start flush left, not only the first ones after headings; paragraphs are not indented, there is no extra space between them either.

1.5       Italics should be used only for non-English words and phrases, case names (including v.), ships and, if necessary, to draw attention to a particular part of the text, but only up to two words or a phrase can be highlighted this way. Do not use any other styling, automatic formatting, tabulators, etc.

1.6       Neither header nor footer is acceptable.

1.7       Only footnotes are allowed. All footnotes end with a full stop.

1.8       Spelling can be either British or American, consistently used.

1.9       Do not italicise quotations. Quoted texts of less than 60-65 words should be inline and within single quotation marks, longer texts should be in block-quote. Quotations within signed quotations require double quotation marks. Use square brackets to show alterations and insertions in quotes, for instance, changed case of the first letter, or added revealing information. Omission should be indicated by ellipsis (three consecutive periods, with one space around each). Quoted texts should be translated into English, if necessary, citing the original as a footnote.

Example 1:

As noted above, according to one of the most common topos about the media, the media is an independent source of power, the Fourth Estate. Carlyle attributes this expression – which was later to have a great career – to Edmund Burke, who ‘said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporters’ Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more important far than they all’. The metaphor that the press constitutes the Fourth Estate next to the clergy, the aristocracy and the commoners is undoubtedly captivating.

Example 2:

As noted above, according to one of the most common topos about the media, the media is an independent source of power, the Fourth Estate. Carlyle attributes this expression – which was later to have a great career – to Edmund Burke:

‘Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporters’ Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more important far than they all. . . . Literature is our Parliament too. Printing, which comes necessarily out of Writing, I say often, is equivalent to Democracy: invent Writing, Democracy is inevitable. . . . Whoever can speak, speaking now to the whole nation, becomes a power, a branch of government, with inalienable weight in law-making, in all acts of authority.’

The metaphor that the press constitutes the Fourth Estate next to the clergy, the aristocracy and the commoners is undoubtedly captivating.

1.11     It is the authors’ responsibility to write original works, and to appropriately cite and quote those of others’. Preparing the manuscripts according to this style guide is also the authors’ duty.

II         References

1          General Rules

1.1       References should be cited in footnotes.

1.2       At first mention, all details of the referred work should be given (if available, DOI also, see https://doi.crossref.org/simpleTextQuery), thereafter the author’s name and the number of the first occurrence should be used.

Example:

¹¹ Larry Alexander, ‘Fancy Theories of Interpretation Aren’t’, 73(3) Washington University Law Quarterly (1995) 1081–1083.

. . .

¹⁷ See Alexander (n 11) 1082.

1.3       For ranges, en dash (without spaces) should be used. If the source does not have numbered pages but is structured by paragraphs, points, etc., those identifying numbers should be indicated.

1.4       Use title case in English titles. For titles in other languages, follow the capitalisation and punctuation rules of the language in question.

1.5       Multiple referred sources in a footnote should be separated by semi-colons.

1.6       Multiple referred works from the same author from the same year in the same footnote, if and only if any of them is recited, should be marked and referred later by letters added to the year.

Example:

¹¹ Larry Alexander, ‘Fancy Theories of Interpretation Aren’t’, 73(3) Washington University Law Quarterly (1995a) 1081–1083; Larry Alexander, ‘Free Speech and Speaker’s Intent’, 12 Constitutional Commentary (1995b) 21–28.

. . .

¹⁷ See Alexander (1995b) (n 11).

1.7       If two or more consecutive footnotes cite the same source, from the second one, use ‘Ibid.’ (or ‘ibid.’ if it is not the first item in the clause) and the page number. Do not italicise ‘ibid’.

Example:

¹¹ Larry Alexander, ‘Fancy Theories of Interpretation Aren’t’, 73(3) Washington University Law Quarterly (1995a) 1081–1083; Larry Alexander, ‘Free Speech and Speaker’s Intent’, 12 Constitutional Commentary (1995b) 21–28.

. . .

¹⁷ See Alexander (1995b) (n 11) 22.

¹⁸ Ibid. 23.

¹⁹ Ibid.

²⁰ Ibid. 26.

²¹ The term is coined by Alexander. See ibid.

1.8       Do not use Latin ‘gadgets’ such as ante, cf., eg., ie., infra, op. cit., or supra. Only ‘Ibid.’ and ‘etc.’ are acceptable (of course, Latin phrases can be used such as ex ante, ius puniendi, ne bis in idem, etc.).

1.9       In the text, use ‘Article’, ‘Section’ and ‘Paragraph’. In the footnotes, use abbreviations: ‘art(s)’, ‘s(s)’ and ‘para(s)’ (for paragraphs in decision and judgments, put the number in square brackets).

1.10     Do not use ‘p.’ (nor ‘pp.’), except for European Union legal sources in the Official Journal (‘p.’).

2          Books

Author’s Name, Title of the Book: And Also Its Subtitle if It Has One. Place, Publisher, Year. Referred page(s). DOI (if available).

Example:

George W. Rainbolt, The Concept of Rights. Cham, Springer, 2006. 14‒17. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3977-8.

3          Chapters

Author’s Name as indicated on the publication, ‘Title of the Paper: And Also Its Subtitle if It Has One’ in Editor(s) Name(s) (ed(s)), Title of the Book: And Also Its Subtitle. Place, Publisher, Year. Referred page(s). DOI (if available).

Example:

Joseph Raz, ‘Reasons: Practical and Adaptive’ in David Sobel and Steven Wall (eds), Reasons for Action. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 23. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720185.003

4          Articles

4.1       Do not use abbreviations of journal titles – only university names can be abbreviated there.

Examples:

NYU Law Magazine

Southern California Law Review

William & Mary Law Review

4.2       In general, use the form showed below, with all information (volume, issue, year and range). In special cases, ‘ordinary’ citing form of the original language can be kept. 

Author’s Name as indicated on the publication, ‘Title of the Paper: And Its Subtitle if It Has One’, Volume(Issue) Title of the Journal (year) referred page(s). DOI (if available).

Example:

²⁸ Natali Helberger, Jo Pierson and Thomas Poell, ‘Governing Online Platforms: From Contested to Cooperative Responsibility’, 34(1) The Information Society (2018), 37. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2017.1391913

²⁷ Marcin Szewczak, ‘Activities for Improvement of the System of Regional Development in Poland – An Attempt of Legal and Administrative Analysis’ Iustum Aequum Salutare, 2013/1., 63.

4.3       Articles in print newspapers should be referred to with the ‘day month year’ format.

Author’s Name as indicated on the publication, ‘Title of the Article: And Its Subtitle if It Has One’, Title of the Newspaper, day month year, referred page(s) (if applicable). Link.

Example:

Reid J. Epstein, ‘If Trump Is Convicted, How Will Biden’s Team Go on the Attack?’ The New York Times, 28 May 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/28/us/politics/trump-convicted-biden.html

5          Other References

5.1       Do not indicate the date of access of online available sources.

5.2       For URLs longer than 90 characters, use tinyURL shortener (https://tinyurl.com).

5.3       Online sources should be referred with all relevant data (and DOI if available), not simply by title and URL. It applies mainly to contributions to news portals, blogs, etc.

Example:

²⁹ Eszter Bodnár, ‘A külföldön élő magyarok választójogának egyenlősége. Miért alkotmányellenes az Alaptörvény?’, MTA JTI, 17 July 2015. http://jog.tk.mta.hu/blog/2015/07/a-kulfoldon-elo-magyarok-valasztojoganak.

5.4       Reports, press releases and other ‘institutional’ sources should also be referred with all relevant data and the URL, but in a slightly different way (do not italicise institution names, or use quotation marks either).

Example 1:

³⁰ Joint Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell and Commissioner Virginijus Sinkevičius on the World Oceans Day. European Commission, 7 June 2024. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_24_3081.

³¹ A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Disinformation Report of the independent High level Group on Fake News and Online Disinformation. Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology, 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=50271.

5.5       Papers in (print-and-)online journals should be referred with all relevant data (and DOI, if available), but do not insert URLs. If the publisher numbers issues and pages, those data should be indicated as well – not official page numbers as range should be omitted. Of course, referring to loci, even those latter page numbers should be used.

Example 2:

⁷⁴ Theresa Seipp, Ronan Ó Fathaigh and Max van Drunen, ‘Defining the “Media” in Europe: Pitfalls of the Proposed European Media Freedom Act’, 15(1) Journal of Media Law (2023), 40, 44 and 50.

Example 3:

⁷⁵ Michael Soprano et al., ‘Cognitive Biases in Fact-Checking and Their Countermeasures: A Review’? 61(3) Information Processing and Management (2024), 8. https://tinyurl.com/2e93bw6u, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103672.

⁷⁶ Ibid. 9–11.

6          Citation of Legal Sources

6.1       In the footnotes, at the first instance, full data should be given, as indicated below. Subsequent reference to acts, recommendations, directives, cases, etc. should use with short name and the footnote number of the first, full reference (if needed, indicate the short title in brackets there).

Example:

⁸² New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964).

⁸³ Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, pp. 1–88 (hereinafter: GDPR).

⁸⁴ BVerfGE 7, 198, 1 BvR 400/51 (Lüth decision).

⁸⁵ GDPR (n 83) art 3(1).

⁸⁶ Lüth decision (n 84) [11].

⁸⁷ Sullivan (n 82) 256.

6.2       Court of Justice of the European Union: Case number, case name/title [ECLI code], paragraph number.

Example 1:

Joined Cases C C-267/91 and C C-268/91, Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard [ECLI:EU:C:1993:905], para 23.

Example 2:

Case C-13/03 P, Opinion of Advocate General Tizzano delivered on 25 May 2004 [ECLI:EU:C:2004:319], para 41.

Example 3:

Case C-90/96, David Petrie and Others v. Università degli studi di Verona and Camilla Bettoni [ECLI:EU:C:1997:176], para 52.

7.2       European Court of Human Rights: Case name, application number, date, decision/judgment, paragraph number (if applies). (For data, consult http://www.echr.coe.int/ECHR/EN/Header/Case-Law/Decisions+and+judgments/Reports+of+judgments).

Example 1:

Vajnai v. Hungary, no. 33629/06, judgment of 8 July 2008, [36].

Example 2:

Campbell v. Ireland, no. 45678/98, admissibility decision of 27 April 2010, [18].

7.3       Other European legal sources: all regulations, directives and decisions should be cited with their number and their publication in the Official Journal. Do not insert URLs.

Example 1:

Commission Regulation (EC) No 800/2008 of 6 August 2008 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the common market in application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty (General block exemption Regulation), OJ L 214, 9.8.2008, p. 3–47.

Example 2:

Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States amending Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 and repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC, OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 77–123.

Example 3:

Commission Directive 2010/1/EU of 8 January 2010 amending Annexes II, III and IV to Council Directive 2000/29/EC on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community. OJ L 7, 12.1.2010, p. 17–20.

Example 4:

Commission decision of 28 November 2005 on the application of Article 86(2) of the EC Treaty to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest (notified under document number C(2005) 2673) (2005/842/EC), OJ L 312, 29.11.2005, p. 67–73.

Example 5:

Summary of Commission Decision of 28 January 2009 relating to a proceeding under Article 81 of the Treaty and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (Case COMP/39.406 — Marine Hoses), OJ C 168., 21.7.2009, p. 68.

Example 6:

EU framework for state aid in the form of public service compensation, OJ C 297, 29.11.2005, p. 4–7.

III       Bibliography (referenced works)

1. A bibliography of referenced works can be found on the journal's website, accompanying the article.
2. The bibliography must be attached to the submitted manuscript in a separate file.
3. The bibliography must include all works cited in the manuscript (but not legislation, judicial decisions or other legal documents).
4. The bibliography follows the alphabetical order of the authors’ surnames, i.e. the names of authors should be separated by commas (in the case of a chapter in an edited volume, the names of the volume editors should remain in their original form).
5. A comma is placed between the surname and first name of Hungarian authors if their publication in a foreign language is cited.
6. Works without authors should be listed according to the first letter of their title.
7. The bibliography is identical to the footnotes, except that the page number cited is not indicated.

Example:

Baxter, Mary, ‘How E-voting is Taking over Ontario Municipal Elections’, TVO Today, 4 October 2018. https://www.tvo.org/article/how-e-voting-is-taking-over-ontario-municipal-elections

Dutton, William H and Reisdorf, Bianca, Social Shaping of the Politics of Internet Search and Networking: Moving Beyond Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Fake News. Quello Center Working Paper, No. 2944191, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2944191

EU Restrictive Measures Against Russia over Ukraine (Since 2014). European Council, 2022. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-russia-over-ukraine

India Election 2019: Concern over ‘Toothless’ Poll Guidelines. BBC, 15 April 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-47906440

Cserny, Ákos and Nemeslaki, András, ‘Az e-szavazás lehetőségei és korlátai Magyarországon’ in Cserny, Ákos (ed), Választási dilemmák. Tanulmányok az új választási eljárási törvény nóvumai és első megmérettetése tárgyában. Budapest, Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, 2015

Goos, Kerstin and Korthagen, Iris, ‘Binding Decision-Making’ in Leonhard Hennen (ed), European E-Democracy in Practice. Cham, Springer, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27184-8_11 

Gosztonyi, Gergely, Cenzúra Arisztotelésztől a Facebookig. Budapest, Gondolat, 2022

Gosztonyi, Gergely – Lendvai, Gergely Ferenc, ‘Az Emberi Jogok Európai Bíróságának Nagykamarai ítélete a Sanchez kontra Franciaország-ügyben, avagy felelős-e egy politikus a Facebook-falára írt kommentekért’, Állam- és Jogtudomány, 2023/3.

Helberger, Natali, Pierson, Jo, and Poell, Thomas: ‘Governing Online Platforms: From Contested to Cooperative Responsibility’, 34(1) The Information Society (2018) https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2017.1391913

Rainbolt, George W, The Concept of Rights. Cham, Springer, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3977-8

Raz, Joseph: ‘Reasons: Practical and Adaptive’ in David Sobel and Steven Wall (eds), Reasons for Action. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720185.003

Schanda, Balázs: Amending the Spirit of a Constitution? From Changing the Text to Changing the Character’ in Balázs Schanda (ed), The Character of Legislative Process Adopted to Amend the Constitution in the Light of the European Integration and Constitutional Identity. Warszawa, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, 2023

‘The Invasion of Ukraine Is Not the First Social Media War, but It Is the Most Viral: Ukraine Is the Most Wired Country Ever to Be Invaded’, Economist, 2 April 2022. https://www.economist.com/international/the-invasion-of-ukraine-is-not-the-first-social-media-war-but-it-is-the-most-viral/21808456

Török, Bernát, ‘A Legfelsőbb Bíróság ítélete az emberi méltóság sérelmét megállapító médiahatósági határozatról. Az emberi méltóság hatósági védelmének kérdései a médiajogban’, Jogesetek Magyarázata, 2012/3.