Határainkon túl eredő vízkészleteink 1981-2020 közötti változásának integrált elemzése

László Báder; Iritz Iritz; Eszter Dóra; Klaudia Négyesi; Mikós Szalay

doi:10.59258/hk.19230

László Báder Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering
László Iritz VIZITERV Environ Environmental and Water Design, Consulting and Service Nonprofit Ltd.
Eszter Dóra Nagy Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-3499
Klaudia Négyesi Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5086-6481
Mikós Szalay General Directorate of Water Management

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59258/hk.19230

Keywords: Water flow, water balance, water resource management, border sections, transboundary watersheds, climate change

Abstract

The majority of Hungary's surface water resources, about 90%, originates from watersheds beyond the country’s borders. Analysing the water discharge series recorded in the river border cross-sections recorded during the period 1981-2020, it can be seen that the yearly mean values in the Dráva river have increased, while in the Danube and the Tisza rivers and also its tributaries have decreased. The yearly mean water discharge of the Tisza catchment - i.e. the Tisza and its main tributaries together - reached 957 m³/s, while the same parameter for years 2011-2020 stayed at 690 m³/s. In the case of the Danube, the values of these parameters were 2 068 and 1 899 m³/s, respectively. Similar characteristics in the Tisza downstream boarder cross section (where the flow enters Serbia) was 855 m³/s in the period 1981- 2010, while for the years 2011-2020 was only 785 m³/s. Precipitation and evaporation both increased in the Danube watershed based on ECMWF ERA5-Land hydrometeorological data. The average monthly evaporation values for 1961-1990, exceeded the precipitation amount only in July, while during the period 1991-2020, already approached the precipitation value in April and May, and exceeded it in every summer month. The average annual rainfall decreased in April and increased in autumn. By comparing the changes in runoff measured in hydrometric cross-sections with the values calculated on water balance derived from hydrometeorological data (precipitation - evaporation ≈ runoff), it can be concluded that both clearly indicate unfavourable changes in the water resources of Tisza basin. Acknowledging this fact, special attention to be paid to the development and utilization of the water resources entering the country territory. In addition, efforts should be made to store the precipitation falling within the country’s boarder and facilitate its infiltration into the soil.

Author Biographies

László Báder, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

LÁSZLÓ BÁDER engineer-geographer, member of the Hungarian Hydrological Society. He is currently a doctoral student at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Hungarian Hydrological Society, Budapest University of Technology and Economics. His research interests include the estimation of evaporation and the study of the development of the climate water and energy balance. He gained work experience in the competitive sector, while also working in social organizations and participating in several national programs, such as the development of the National Forest Strategy.

László Iritz, VIZITERV Environ Environmental and Water Design, Consulting and Service Nonprofit Ltd.

LÁSZLÓ IRITZ certified hydrological engineer (St. Petersburg University of Hydrology, 1972), PhD in hydrology (Uppsala University, 1990), retired university professor (Lund University of Technology, Department of Water Engineering, Sweden), and honorary university professor (University of Pannonia), hydrological design engineer at VIZITERV Environ Nonprofit Ltd., working on hydrological and water resource management tasks. Member of the Hungarian Hydrological Society.

Eszter Dóra Nagy, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

ESZTER DÓRA NAGY is a certified infrastructure civil engineer (Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 2017), and in 2023 she obtained her PhD degree in the field of earth sciences, civil engineering, at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. She has been a full-time lecturer since 2022, and is currently an assistant professor at the Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management of the university. She teaches predominantly subjects related to hydrology and water resources management, and her main research areas are the hydrology of small watersheds and rainfall-runoff modeling. She has been a member of the Hungarian Hydrological Society since 2016.

Klaudia Négyesi, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

KLAUDIA NÉGYESI She received her Infrastructural Engineering degree at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering in 2022. Currently, she is in her first year of doctoral studies at the Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering. The title of her research topic is Rainfall-runoff modeling of small watersheds in Hungary. She has been a member of the Hungarian Hydrological Society since 2020.

Mikós Szalay, General Directorate of Water Management

MIKLÓS SZALAY† is a certified hydraulic engineer (Budapest University of Technology, 1975), certified hydrologist (Dipl. Hydrol, Delft, IHE 1980) and a member of the Hungarian Hydrological Society. He had decades of experience in the water sector. In recent years, he worked as a specialist in water resource management and hydrological tasks at the Watershed Management Department of the Generel Directorate of Water Management and at VIZITERV Environ Nonprofit Ltd. He passed away on December 24, 2024.

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Water resources changes in Hungary between 1981-2020 based on an integrated analysis of hydrographic and hydrometeorological data

Abstract

Author Biographies

References