A Balaton 3D hidro- és termodinamikai modelljének továbbfej-lesztése

Gabriella   Lükő; Péter Torma

doi:10.59258/hk.15658

Gabriella Lükő Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-3033
Péter Torma Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-6931

Keywords: Lake Balaton, numerical modelling, shallow lake hydrodynamics, wind forcing, 3D hydro- and thermodynamical model

Abstract

We aim to set up a well-validated hydro- and thermodynamic model for the large and shallow Lake Balaton, which can be used for analyzing transport processes, and later also for forecasting. In shallow lakes, wave-affected surface and bottom boundary layers can overlap during windy periods, resulting in complex flow and mixing conditions. In contrast, a weak thermal stratification can develop during calm periods, which typically breaks up during nighttime, resulting in a diurnal cycle. We applied the FVCOM model for numerical simulations and carried out current and temperature measurements at an offshore location and temperatures were recorded at onshore as well in the Keszthely basin. We force the model with a spatially varying wind field to incorporate the effect of internal boundary layer development over the water surface and the mesoscale variability. The former leads to an increasing wind stress along the fetch. We show that inhomogeneous wind forcing is essential to model water level fluctuations accurately around the lake and improve current directions in the middle of the Keszthely-basin. To reliably simulate the thermal structure besides currents, a sensitivity analysis is performed for model parameters, including air-water heat exchange parameters, light extinction coefficient, and the background mixing coefficient of the turbulence model. We compare modeled and observed currents, temperatures, and thermal structures using the potential energy anomaly for the latter one in the middle of the Keszthely-basin. The multi-objective calibration requires a large number of simulations covering a wide parameter space to find an optimal parameter set.

Author Biographies

Gabriella Lükő , Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

GABRIELLA LÜKŐ She got her MSc degree in 2020, she is currently a fourth year PhD student at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering. During the academic year 2023/24 she is a Fulbright visiting student researcher at the Colorado School of Mines (USA). Her doctoral research focuses on the turbulent processes at the air-water interface of lakes. She is a member of the MHT since 2021.

Péter Torma, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

PÉTER TORMA obtained an MSc degree in civil engineering in 2011 and a Ph.D. degree in 2016. He has been working at the Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering at the BME since 2011. Starting 2019, he works as an associate professor. Obtaining a Fulbright Scholarship, he was a visiting researcher at UW-Madison (USA) in the 2017/18 academic year. His field of research is physical limnology, hydrometeorology, in particular the measurement of turbulent exchange processes at the water-air interface based on the eddy-covariance principle, the heat balance of lakes, and numerical hydrodynamic modeling.

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Development of a 3D hydro- and thermodynamical model of Lake Balaton

Abstract

Author Biographies

References