An integrated, model-based estimation of the projected impact of climate change on the Upper-Tisza, with the quantification of uncertainty
Abstract
The effects of climate change on hydrological time series are evaluated, based on an integrated, model-based projection. Simulations were completed for the past and future using the distributed, physically based DIWA hydrological model adapted for the Upper-Tisza catchment. The hydrological simulations were driven by meteorological time series: the observation based CARPATCLIM dataset (1961-2010) and the RegCM4 regional climate model simulation (1971-2099). Several possible meteorological time series were created for the historical and the future period as well by a weather generator (DIWA-SDSWG) embedded in a Monte Carlo cycle resulting in hundreds of independent, equally probable time series, hence uncertainty can be assessed, too. The systematic errors of the RCM simulations were eliminated by fitting the parameters of the weather generator based on the differences in the historical period. According to our results, a decrease of the daily average water discharge is likely to occur at Tiszabecs in the 21st century, especially in July and August, while for January and February a moderate increase is projected. On the one hand, the third level of flood warning is projected to occur less frequent in the future (both in the middle and at the end of the 21st century), however, occasionally, they will tend to become more severe than in the historical time period. On the other hand, the occurrence of water discharges below the critical low water level is likely to increase remarkably between July and October, especially by the end of the 21st century.
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