A drónhadviselés társadalmi kockázatai és implikációi
A herszoni „drónszafari” mint esettanulmány
Kulcsszavak:
drónhadviselés, kognitív hadviselés, reziliencia, civil részvétel, Herszon, esettanulmány
Absztrakt
A modern drónhadviselés nem kizárólag katonai és technológiai jelenség, hanem jelentős társadalmi kockázatokkal is jár. A tanulmány e kockázatokat a kognitív hadviselés, a társadalmi reziliencia és a civil részvétel (crowdsourcing) kölcsönhatásain keresztül vizsgálja. A modern konfliktusok komplex és multidimenziós jellege miatt az egyes jelenségek elkülönített vizsgálata nem teszi lehetővé a társadalmi kockázatok és az adaptív válaszmechanizmusok átfogó értelmezését. Egy empirikus esettanulmányra támaszkodva az elemzés bemutatja, miként alakítják e kölcsönhatások a társadalmi stabilitás feltételeit, valamint milyen új alkalmazkodási minták és sérülékenységek jelennek meg a drónhadviselés kontextusában. A tanulmány hangsúlyozza az emergens jelenségek és a dinamikus interakciók jelentőségét, és amellett érvel, hogy a drónhadviseléshez kapcsolódó társadalmi kockázatok rendszerszintű jelenségek, amelyek kezelése integrált társadalmi–technikai elemzési keretet, valamint a civil–állami együttműködés adaptív és tanulásorientált formáit igényli.
Hivatkozások
FELHASZNÁLT IRODALOM
Könyvek, könyvfejezetek
Benkler, Yochai, Farris, Robert, Roberts, Hal 2018. Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American Politics, New York: Oxford University Press.
Franke, Michael, Van Rooij, Robert 2015. Strategies of Persuasion, Manipulation and Propaganda: Psychological and Social Aspects. In Verbrugge, Rineke, van Benthem, Johan, Ghosh, Sujata (szerk.): Models of Strategic Reasoning, 255-291. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin.
Goncharuk, Vitaliy 2024. Survival of the Smartest? Defense AI in Ukraine. In: Borchert, Heiko, Schütz, Torben, Verbovszky, Joseph (szerk.): The Very Long Game. Contributions to Security and Defence Studies. 375-395. [Ebook] Springer: Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_17
Murray, Williamson, Mansoor, Peter R. 2012. Hybrid warfare: fighting complex opponents from the ancient world to the present. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rid, Thomas 2020. Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Folyóirat cikkek, tanulmányok
Andersson, Jan Joel, Simon, Sascha 2024. Minding the drone gap: Drone warfare and the EU. European Union Institute for Security Studies. https://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/briefs/minding-drone-gap-drone-warfare-and-eu (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 28.)
Asmolov, Gregory 2022. The transformation of participatory warfare: The role of narratives in connective mobilization in the Russia–Ukraine war. Digi War 3, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-022-00054-5
Clapp, Sebastian 2025. Eastern Flank Watch and European Drone Wall. European Parliament Think Tank. https://epthinktank.eu/2025/10/23/eastern-flank-watch-and-european-drone-wall/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
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Deveraux, Brennan 2022. Loitering munitions in Ukraine and beyond. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/04/loitering-munitions-in-ukraine-and-beyond/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Dobák Imre, Bérczi Péter 2025. Crowdsourcing–lehetőségek és korlátok nemzetbiztonsági szemmel. Belügyi Szemle, 73(3), 593-608. https://doi.org/10.38146/BSZ-AJIA.2025.v73.i3.pp593-608
Eachus, Peter 2014. Community resilience: Is it greater than the sum of the parts of individual resilience? Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00949-6
Feldstein, Steven 2022. Disentangling the digital battlefield: How the internet has changed war. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/12/disentangling-the-digital-battlefield-how-the-internet-has-changed-war (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Fried, Tsiporah 2025. The impact of drones on the battlefield: Lessons of the Russia‑Ukraine War from a French perspective. Hudson Institute. https://www.hudson.org/missile-defense/impact-drones-battlefield-lessons-russian-ukraine-war-french-perspective-tsiporah-fried (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Hasanov, Arif, Tahirov, Rashad, Iskandarov, Khayal 2024. The future of warfare. Anticipated changes in military trends. Social Development and Security, 14(5), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.33445/sds.2024.14.5.1
Hijazi, Alaa, Ferguson, Christopher J., Ferraro, F. Richard, Hall, Harold, Hovee, Mark, Wilcox Sherrie 2017. Psychological dimensions of drone warfare. Current Psychology, 38(5), 1285–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9684-7
Holling, Crawford Stanley 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245
Hung, Tzu-Chieh, Hung, Tzu Wei 2022. How China's Cognitive Warfare Works: A Frontline Perspective of Taiwan's Anti-Disinformation Wars. Journal of Global Security Studies 7 (4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac016
Kallenborn, Zachary 2022. Seven (initial) drone warfare lessons from Ukraine. Modern War Institute. https://mwi.westpoint.edu/seven-initial-drone-warfare-lessons-from-ukraine/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Kharazian, Zarine, Jalbert, Madeline, Dash, Saloni, Memon, Shahan Ali, Starbird, Kate, Spiro, Emma S., West Jevin D. 2024. Our field was built on decades-old bodies of research across a range of disciplines. It wasn’t invented by a ‘class of misinformation experts’ in 2016. Center for an Informed Public, University of Washington. https://www.cip.uw.edu/2024/01/24/misinformation-field-research (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 28.)
Kimhi, Saul 2016. Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community, and national resilience. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314524009
Kirichenko, David 2025. Ever-faster weapon cycles: Innovation and economics in the war in Ukraine. The Strategist. Australian Strategic Policy Institute. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/ever-faster-weapon-cycles-innovation-and-economics-in-the-war-in-ukraine/
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Meghraoui, Loukmane, Belkhamza, Zakariya 2025. Cognitive Warfare and Cybersecurity: Strategic Implications for Global Security. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Warfare and Security, 20(1), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3277
Moleka, Pitshou 2025. Metawar and the Future of Cognitive Sovereignty: Rethinking National Security Beyond Cyberspace. Preprints, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202506.2053.v1
Moriearty, Perry L., Carson, William 2012. Cognitive Warfare and Young Black Males in America. The Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 15(2), 281. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles/384
Norris, Fran H., Stevens, Susan P., Pfefferbaum, Betty, Wyche, Karen F., Pfefferbaum, Rose L. 2008. Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness. American journal of community psychology, 41(1-2), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
Pace, Rodrigo Metropolo, Coelho, Emilio Reis 2022. Information as a weapon of mass disruption: from information disorder to Cognitive Warfare. Revista Da Escola de Guerra Naval, 28(3), 707–722. https://doi.org/10.21544/2359-3075.v28n3.g
Pastor, Alvaro 2025. Cognitive warfare: The Weaponisation of the Science of Brain and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ynfzr_v2 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 28.)
Patel, Sonny S., Rogers, M. Brooke, Amlôt, Richard, Rubin, G. James 2017. What do we mean by “community resilience”? A systematic literature review of how it is defined in the literature. PLOS Currents 9. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.db775aff25efc5ac4f0660ad9c9f7db2
Plaza, Frida Muñoz, Sotelo Monge, Marco Antonio, Ordi, Hector Gonzalez 2023. Towards the Definition of Cognitive Warfare and Related Countermeasures: A Systematic Review In: ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 40, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605080
Pripoae-Șerbănescu, Ciprian. 2023. Cognitive Warfare – Beyond Dominance, Manoeuvres and Information – The Battle for the Imagined Future. Romanian Military Thinking, 2023(4), 258-279. https://doi.org/10.55535/RMT.2023.4.16
Putter, Dries 2024. Navigating the interplay of cognitive warfare and counterintelligence in African security strategies: insights and case studies. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 20(2), 173–192 https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2440873
Rickli, Jean-Marc, Mantellassi, Federico 2024. The war in Ukraine: Reality check for emerging technologies and the future of warfare. Geneva Paper 34/24. Geneva Centre for Security Policy. https://www.gcsp.ch/publications/war-ukraine-reality-check-emerging-technologies-and-future-warfare
Schwartz, Ella, Litwin, Howard 2019. Warfare exposure in later life and cognitive function: The moderating role of social connectedness. Psychiatry Research-Neuroimaging, 278, 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.026
Spansvoll, Runar 2024. The Weaponisation of Social Media, Crowdfunding and Drones: A People’s War in the Digital Age. The RUSI Journal, 169(1–2), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2024.2350478
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Yang Hui, Jennifer 2015. Crowdsourcing for national security. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Policy Report. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/189326/PR150317_Crowdsourcing-for-National-Security.pdf
Internetes hivatkozások
European Commission 2025a. Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament plenary debate on a united response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/speech_25_2316/SPEECH_25_2316_EN.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
European Commission 2025b. Speech by Commissioner Kos at the European Parliament on the human cost of Russia's war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_25_1548 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
European Commission 2022. A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a smart and sustainable unmanned aircraft eco-system in Europe. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/COM_2022_652_drone_strategy_2.0.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
European Commission 2023. Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on one year of Russia's invasion and war of aggression against Ukraine. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_844 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Howe, Jeff 2006. The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2006/06/crowds/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Human Rights Watch 2025a. Hunted from above: Russia’s use of drones to attack civilians in Kherson, Ukraine. https://www.hrw.org/report/2025/06/03/hunted-from-above/russias-use-of-drones-to-attack-civilians-in-kherson-ukraine (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Human Rights Watch 2025b. Listen, run, hide: How Russia uses quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians in Kherson, Ukraine. https://www.hrw.org/feature/2025/06/03/listen-run-hide/how-russia-uses-quadcopter-drones-hunt-kill-kherson (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. 2025. They are hunting us: Systematic drone attacks targeting civilians in Kherson. United Nations https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/coiukraine/a-hrc-59-crp2-en.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Maddox, J.D. 2025. It’s Time to Think About (and Fear) Drones and Psychological Operations, War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2025/07/its-time-to-think-about-and-fear-drones-and-psychological-operations/, (Letöltés ideje: 2026. 01. 01.)
McLaughlin, Daniel 2025. ‘We have better quality but they have huge resources’: Ukraine races Russia in evolving drone war. The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/world/europe/2025/02/03/we-have-better-quality-but-they-have-huge-resources-ukraine-races-russia-in-evolving-drone-war/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
NATO 2025a. Pre-ministerial press conference by NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte ahead of the meeting of NATO Ministers of Foreign Affairs. https://www.nato.int/en/news-and-events/events/transcripts/2025/12/02/pre-ministerial-press-conference-by-nato-secretary-general-mark-rutte-ahead-of-the-meetings-of-nato-ministers-of-foreign-affairs (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 22.)
NATO 2025b. Strengthening NATO’s eastern flank. https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/strengthening-natos-eastern-flank (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 22.)
Pino, Anthony, Pettigrew, Scott 2024. Drones having psychological impact on soldiers. Red Diamond Newsletter. https://oe.tradoc.army.mil/product/drones-having-psychological-impact-on-soldiers/?utm_ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 22.)
Soodavar, Ben 2023. Ukraine war: The psychological and political impact of the drone attacks in Russia – an expert explains. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/ukraine-war-the-psychological-and-political-impact-of-the-drone-attacks-in-russia-an-expert-explains-207058 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 11. 21.)
Stephens, Rhordan 2024. How drones have shaped the nature of conflict. https://www.visionofhumanity.org/how-drones-have-shaped-the-nature-of-conflict/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
US. Army Transformation and Training Command (Tradoc G-2) 2025. Operational environment 2024–2034: Large-Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) Assessment 1.0. https://g2webcontent.z2.web.core.usgovcloudapi.net/OEE/2025OCT31_T2COMG2_OE_2024_2035_LSCO_Assessment1.0.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
United Nations 2025b. Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine (A/80/497). United Nations.
https://docs.un.org/en/A/80/497 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 11.)
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Könyvek, könyvfejezetek
Benkler, Yochai, Farris, Robert, Roberts, Hal 2018. Network propaganda: Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American Politics, New York: Oxford University Press.
Franke, Michael, Van Rooij, Robert 2015. Strategies of Persuasion, Manipulation and Propaganda: Psychological and Social Aspects. In Verbrugge, Rineke, van Benthem, Johan, Ghosh, Sujata (szerk.): Models of Strategic Reasoning, 255-291. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin.
Goncharuk, Vitaliy 2024. Survival of the Smartest? Defense AI in Ukraine. In: Borchert, Heiko, Schütz, Torben, Verbovszky, Joseph (szerk.): The Very Long Game. Contributions to Security and Defence Studies. 375-395. [Ebook] Springer: Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_17
Murray, Williamson, Mansoor, Peter R. 2012. Hybrid warfare: fighting complex opponents from the ancient world to the present. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rid, Thomas 2020. Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Folyóirat cikkek, tanulmányok
Andersson, Jan Joel, Simon, Sascha 2024. Minding the drone gap: Drone warfare and the EU. European Union Institute for Security Studies. https://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/briefs/minding-drone-gap-drone-warfare-and-eu (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 28.)
Asmolov, Gregory 2022. The transformation of participatory warfare: The role of narratives in connective mobilization in the Russia–Ukraine war. Digi War 3, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42984-022-00054-5
Clapp, Sebastian 2025. Eastern Flank Watch and European Drone Wall. European Parliament Think Tank. https://epthinktank.eu/2025/10/23/eastern-flank-watch-and-european-drone-wall/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Cox, Nathaniel L. 2025. Psychological implications of drone warfare on the modern warfighter. Military Psychology, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2025.2594335
Deveraux, Brennan 2022. Loitering munitions in Ukraine and beyond. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/04/loitering-munitions-in-ukraine-and-beyond/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Dobák Imre, Bérczi Péter 2025. Crowdsourcing–lehetőségek és korlátok nemzetbiztonsági szemmel. Belügyi Szemle, 73(3), 593-608. https://doi.org/10.38146/BSZ-AJIA.2025.v73.i3.pp593-608
Eachus, Peter 2014. Community resilience: Is it greater than the sum of the parts of individual resilience? Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00949-6
Feldstein, Steven 2022. Disentangling the digital battlefield: How the internet has changed war. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/12/disentangling-the-digital-battlefield-how-the-internet-has-changed-war (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Fried, Tsiporah 2025. The impact of drones on the battlefield: Lessons of the Russia‑Ukraine War from a French perspective. Hudson Institute. https://www.hudson.org/missile-defense/impact-drones-battlefield-lessons-russian-ukraine-war-french-perspective-tsiporah-fried (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Hasanov, Arif, Tahirov, Rashad, Iskandarov, Khayal 2024. The future of warfare. Anticipated changes in military trends. Social Development and Security, 14(5), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.33445/sds.2024.14.5.1
Hijazi, Alaa, Ferguson, Christopher J., Ferraro, F. Richard, Hall, Harold, Hovee, Mark, Wilcox Sherrie 2017. Psychological dimensions of drone warfare. Current Psychology, 38(5), 1285–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9684-7
Holling, Crawford Stanley 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245
Hung, Tzu-Chieh, Hung, Tzu Wei 2022. How China's Cognitive Warfare Works: A Frontline Perspective of Taiwan's Anti-Disinformation Wars. Journal of Global Security Studies 7 (4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogac016
Kallenborn, Zachary 2022. Seven (initial) drone warfare lessons from Ukraine. Modern War Institute. https://mwi.westpoint.edu/seven-initial-drone-warfare-lessons-from-ukraine/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Kharazian, Zarine, Jalbert, Madeline, Dash, Saloni, Memon, Shahan Ali, Starbird, Kate, Spiro, Emma S., West Jevin D. 2024. Our field was built on decades-old bodies of research across a range of disciplines. It wasn’t invented by a ‘class of misinformation experts’ in 2016. Center for an Informed Public, University of Washington. https://www.cip.uw.edu/2024/01/24/misinformation-field-research (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 28.)
Kimhi, Saul 2016. Levels of resilience: Associations among individual, community, and national resilience. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314524009
Kirichenko, David 2025. Ever-faster weapon cycles: Innovation and economics in the war in Ukraine. The Strategist. Australian Strategic Policy Institute. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/ever-faster-weapon-cycles-innovation-and-economics-in-the-war-in-ukraine/
Kirichenko, David, Kuzmin, Mykola 2025. European defence autonomy: Identifying key companies and projects to replace US capabilities. The Henry Jackson Society. https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/HJS-European-Defence-Autonomy-Report-web.pd
Maksymenko, Serhii Dmytrovich, Derkach, Lidiya Mykolayevna. 2023. Understanding modern cognitive war in the global dimension, its genesis in the ukrainian context. Obrana A Strategie (Defence and Strategy), 23(1), 126–148. https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.126-148
Meghraoui, Loukmane, Belkhamza, Zakariya 2025. Cognitive Warfare and Cybersecurity: Strategic Implications for Global Security. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Warfare and Security, 20(1), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.20.1.3277
Moleka, Pitshou 2025. Metawar and the Future of Cognitive Sovereignty: Rethinking National Security Beyond Cyberspace. Preprints, https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202506.2053.v1
Moriearty, Perry L., Carson, William 2012. Cognitive Warfare and Young Black Males in America. The Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 15(2), 281. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/faculty_articles/384
Norris, Fran H., Stevens, Susan P., Pfefferbaum, Betty, Wyche, Karen F., Pfefferbaum, Rose L. 2008. Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness. American journal of community psychology, 41(1-2), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6
Pace, Rodrigo Metropolo, Coelho, Emilio Reis 2022. Information as a weapon of mass disruption: from information disorder to Cognitive Warfare. Revista Da Escola de Guerra Naval, 28(3), 707–722. https://doi.org/10.21544/2359-3075.v28n3.g
Pastor, Alvaro 2025. Cognitive warfare: The Weaponisation of the Science of Brain and Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ynfzr_v2 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 28.)
Patel, Sonny S., Rogers, M. Brooke, Amlôt, Richard, Rubin, G. James 2017. What do we mean by “community resilience”? A systematic literature review of how it is defined in the literature. PLOS Currents 9. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.db775aff25efc5ac4f0660ad9c9f7db2
Plaza, Frida Muñoz, Sotelo Monge, Marco Antonio, Ordi, Hector Gonzalez 2023. Towards the Definition of Cognitive Warfare and Related Countermeasures: A Systematic Review In: ARES '23: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 40, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3600160.3605080
Pripoae-Șerbănescu, Ciprian. 2023. Cognitive Warfare – Beyond Dominance, Manoeuvres and Information – The Battle for the Imagined Future. Romanian Military Thinking, 2023(4), 258-279. https://doi.org/10.55535/RMT.2023.4.16
Putter, Dries 2024. Navigating the interplay of cognitive warfare and counterintelligence in African security strategies: insights and case studies. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 20(2), 173–192 https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2440873
Rickli, Jean-Marc, Mantellassi, Federico 2024. The war in Ukraine: Reality check for emerging technologies and the future of warfare. Geneva Paper 34/24. Geneva Centre for Security Policy. https://www.gcsp.ch/publications/war-ukraine-reality-check-emerging-technologies-and-future-warfare
Schwartz, Ella, Litwin, Howard 2019. Warfare exposure in later life and cognitive function: The moderating role of social connectedness. Psychiatry Research-Neuroimaging, 278, 258–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.026
Spansvoll, Runar 2024. The Weaponisation of Social Media, Crowdfunding and Drones: A People’s War in the Digital Age. The RUSI Journal, 169(1–2), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2024.2350478
Szöllősi Annamária 2025a. A reziliencia jelentése és fogalmi fejlődése: Multi- és interdiszciplináris perspektíva. Hadtudományi Szemle. 18(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2025.1.6
Szöllősi Annamária 2025b. A reziliencia a biztonság kontextusában. Hadtudományi Szemle. 18(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2025.2.10
Volkov, Andrei 2020. Cognitive Wars: Features of the Geopolitical Conflict In 21st Century. In I. Elkina, & S. Ivanova (szerk.): Cognitive - Social, and Behavioural Sciences 2020(1), 281-288. https://doi.org/10.15405/epes.20121.32
Walker, Brian, Holling, Crawford Stanley, Carpenter, Stephen R., Kinzig, Ann 2004. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00650-090205
Williams, B. V. 2025. Loitering munitions in modern combat: Addressing tactical gaps at the small unit level. Special Warfare Journal. John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. https://www.swcs.mil/Special-Warfare-Journal/Article/4338971/loitering-munitions-in-modern-combat-addressing-tactical-gaps-at-the-small-unit/
Yang Hui, Jennifer 2015. Crowdsourcing for national security. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies Policy Report. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/189326/PR150317_Crowdsourcing-for-National-Security.pdf
Internetes hivatkozások
European Commission 2025a. Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament plenary debate on a united response to recent Russian violations of the EU Member States’ airspace and critical infrastructure. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/speech_25_2316/SPEECH_25_2316_EN.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
European Commission 2025b. Speech by Commissioner Kos at the European Parliament on the human cost of Russia's war against Ukraine and the urgent need to end Russian aggression. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_25_1548 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
European Commission 2022. A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a smart and sustainable unmanned aircraft eco-system in Europe. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/COM_2022_652_drone_strategy_2.0.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
European Commission 2023. Speech by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary on one year of Russia's invasion and war of aggression against Ukraine. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_23_844 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Howe, Jeff 2006. The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2006/06/crowds/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Human Rights Watch 2025a. Hunted from above: Russia’s use of drones to attack civilians in Kherson, Ukraine. https://www.hrw.org/report/2025/06/03/hunted-from-above/russias-use-of-drones-to-attack-civilians-in-kherson-ukraine (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Human Rights Watch 2025b. Listen, run, hide: How Russia uses quadcopter drones to hunt and kill civilians in Kherson, Ukraine. https://www.hrw.org/feature/2025/06/03/listen-run-hide/how-russia-uses-quadcopter-drones-hunt-kill-kherson (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. 2025. They are hunting us: Systematic drone attacks targeting civilians in Kherson. United Nations https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/coiukraine/a-hrc-59-crp2-en.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
Maddox, J.D. 2025. It’s Time to Think About (and Fear) Drones and Psychological Operations, War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2025/07/its-time-to-think-about-and-fear-drones-and-psychological-operations/, (Letöltés ideje: 2026. 01. 01.)
McLaughlin, Daniel 2025. ‘We have better quality but they have huge resources’: Ukraine races Russia in evolving drone war. The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/world/europe/2025/02/03/we-have-better-quality-but-they-have-huge-resources-ukraine-races-russia-in-evolving-drone-war/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
NATO 2025a. Pre-ministerial press conference by NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte ahead of the meeting of NATO Ministers of Foreign Affairs. https://www.nato.int/en/news-and-events/events/transcripts/2025/12/02/pre-ministerial-press-conference-by-nato-secretary-general-mark-rutte-ahead-of-the-meetings-of-nato-ministers-of-foreign-affairs (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 22.)
NATO 2025b. Strengthening NATO’s eastern flank. https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/strengthening-natos-eastern-flank (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 22.)
Pino, Anthony, Pettigrew, Scott 2024. Drones having psychological impact on soldiers. Red Diamond Newsletter. https://oe.tradoc.army.mil/product/drones-having-psychological-impact-on-soldiers/?utm_ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 22.)
Soodavar, Ben 2023. Ukraine war: The psychological and political impact of the drone attacks in Russia – an expert explains. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/ukraine-war-the-psychological-and-political-impact-of-the-drone-attacks-in-russia-an-expert-explains-207058 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 11. 21.)
Stephens, Rhordan 2024. How drones have shaped the nature of conflict. https://www.visionofhumanity.org/how-drones-have-shaped-the-nature-of-conflict/ (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
US. Army Transformation and Training Command (Tradoc G-2) 2025. Operational environment 2024–2034: Large-Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) Assessment 1.0. https://g2webcontent.z2.web.core.usgovcloudapi.net/OEE/2025OCT31_T2COMG2_OE_2024_2035_LSCO_Assessment1.0.pdf (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 20.)
United Nations 2025b. Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine (A/80/497). United Nations.
https://docs.un.org/en/A/80/497 (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 11.)
United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine. 2025a. Deadly drones: Civilians at risk from short-range drones in frontline areas of Ukraine. https://ukraineohchr.wixstudio.com/shortrangedrones-en (Letöltés ideje: 2025. 12. 15.)
Megjelent
2026-07-10
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
Biztonságpolitika
