In defense of the teaching profession: the role of civil society organizations in preventing teacher attrition

  • Márta Cserné Pekkel University of Dunaujvaros, Teacher Training Center; University of Pecs, Education and Society Doctoral School of Education
Keywords: Teacher shortage, teaching career, career changer

Abstract

The lack of teaching is an increasingly worsening problem worldwide, resulting from complex, interrelated factors. One of the lasting challenges of educational systems is the aging of educational societies, which is closely linked to a reduction in interest in teaching education, drop-down -and a low number of entries. Early leaving the teaching career is a particularly worrying trend in many countries. In this situation, the role of non-governmental organizations is to actively help teachers keep their careers and longterm professional commitments. These organizations offer alternative teacher training opportunities and develop complex support systems to strengthen professional identity and maintain motivation and community embeddedness. Mentor programs, professional workshops, and support networks contribute to teachers living as members of a helping community. The study aims to present the power of these civil initiatives, with particular attention to increasing the attractiveness of the teaching career, preventing burnout, and promoting long-term commitment. The analysis also describes international good practices that can be a lesson for domestic aspirations. Our article points out that support for the teaching profession is not only a state task, but a community issue in which the civil sphere can represent significant added value.

References

Aspfors, J., & Fransson, G. (2015). Research on mentor education for mentors of newly qualified teachers: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 48, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.02.004

Bacsa-Bán, A., & Cserné Pekkel, M. (2023). A pedagógusképzés alternatív útjai, egy civil szerveződés jó példája. Civil Szemle, 20(7, Különszám), 123–137.

Bezzina, C. (2006). The road less travelled: Professional communities in secondary schools. Theory Into Practice, 45(2), 159–167. https://www.advisory21.com.mt/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Chris-Bezzina_-The-road-less-travelled..pdf

Brandenburg, R., Larsen, E., Simpson, A., Sallis, R., & Tran, D. (2024). ‘I left the teaching profession… and this is what I am doing now’: A national study of teacher attrition. The Australian Educational Researcher, 51(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-024-00697-1

Collie, R. J. (2023). Autonomy-supportive and autonomy-thwarting leadership and teachers' occupational outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 266–285.

Crawford Garrett, K., & Thomas, M. A. M. (2018). Teacher education and the global impact of Teach For All. In “Teacher education and the global impact of Teach For All.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.417

Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2020). Effective teacher professional development. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report

Day, C., & Gu, Q. (2010). The new lives of teachers. Routledge. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ977354.pdf

Dolton, P., Marcenaro, O., De Vries, R., & She, P. (2018). Global Teacher Status Index 2018. Varkey Foundation. https://www.varkeyfoundation.org/media/4867/gtsi-2018.pdf

Education International. (2023). Go Public! Fund Education. https://www.ei-ie.org/en/campaigns/go-public-fund-education

Education International & UNESCO. (2021). Teacher attrition in education: A global crisis. https://www.ei-ie.org/en/item/25489:teacher-attrition-in-education-a-global-crisis

European Commission. (2023). Teachers in Europe: Careers, development and wellbeing. Eurydice Report.

Fantilli, R. D., & McDougall, D. E. (2009). A study of novice teachers: Challenges and supports in the first years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(6), 814–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.02.021

Gallant, A., & Riley, P. (2017). Early career teacher attrition: New thoughts on an intractable problem. Teacher Development, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2016.1184288

Gallant, P. (2009). Kindergarten teachers speak out: „Too much, too soon, too fast!”. Reading Horizons, 49(3), 201–220.

Gambhir, M., Broad, K., Evans, M., & Gaskell, J. (2008). Characterizing initial teacher education in Canada: Themes and issues. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265080776_Initial_Teacher_Education_-Program_Characterizing_Initial_Teacher_Education_in_Canada_Themes_and_Issues

Global School Leaders. (2023). Our model. https://www.globalschoolleaders.org/our-model

Goldhaber, D., Krieg, J., Theobald, R., & Brown, N. (2015). Refueling the STEM and special education teacher pipelines. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(4), 56–62. https://kappanonline.org/goldhaber-refueling-the-stem-and-special-education-teacher-pipelines/

HundrED. (2023). HundrED Global Collection 2023. https://hundred.org/en/collections/hundred-2023

Ingersoll, R., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201–233. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323

Ingersoll, R., Merrill, L., & Stuckey, D. (2021). The changing face of the teaching force. Education Digest, 86(7), 29–37. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/231834035.pdf

Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499–534.

International Task Force on Teachers for Education 2030. (2022). Addressing teacher shortages: A global perspective. https://teachertaskforce.org/knowledge-hub/addressing-teacher-shortages-global-perspective

Johnson, S. M., Kraft, M. A., & Papay, J. P. (2012). How context matters in high-need schools: The effects of teachers’ working conditions on their professional satisfaction and their students’ achievement. Teachers College Record, 114(10), 1–39. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mkraft/files/johnson_kraft_papay_teacher_-working_conditions_final.pdf

Kopp, W. (2011). A chance to make history: What works and what doesn’t in providing an excellent education for all. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.

Kraft, M. A., Blazar, D., & Hogan, D. (2018). The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence. Review of Educational Research, 88(4), 547–588. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mkraft/files/kraft_blazar_hogan_2016_teacher_coaching.pdf

Lannert, J., & Sinka, E. (Eds.). (2009). A pedagógusok munka- és munkaidőterhelése: Kutatási beszámoló. TÁRKI-Tudok Zrt. http://www.tarki-tudok.hu/file/tanulmanyok/kutbesz_pedteher.pdf

Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership & Management, 40(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1596077

Lieberman, A., & Miller, L. (2011). Learning communities: The starting point for professional learning is in schools and classrooms. In A. Lieberman & L. Miller (Eds.), Teachers caught in the action: Professional development that matters (pp. 1–15). Teachers College Press. https://learningforward.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/lieberman-1.pdf

Lindqvist, H., Nordänger, U. K., & Carlsson, R. (2021). Teacher attrition: Identity and commitment in narrative perspectives. Teaching and Teacher Education, 100, 103293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103293

Maslach, C. (2013). Burnout: A multidimensional perspective. Psychology Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263847970_Burnout_A_Multidimensional_Perspective

Milner, H. R. (2013). Policy reforms and de-professionalization of teaching [Working paper]. National Education Policy Center, University of Colorado Boulder. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544286.pdf

Ministère de l'Éducation. (2023). Enquête sur les conditions de travail des enseignants. https://www.education.gouv.fr/les-enseignants-face-aux-conditions-de-travail-2023

Nguyen, T. D., & Springer, M. G., et al. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of teacher shortages in the United States. https://edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/ai23-789.pdf

OECD. (2018). TALIS 2018 results (Vol. 1 & 2). OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/talis/

OECD. (2020). TALIS 2018 results (Volume II): Teachers and school leaders as valued professionals. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/talis-2018-results-volume-ii_19cf08df-en.html

OECD. (2021). Teachers and leaders in schools: Results from TALIS 2018. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9383c3d2-en

Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development. (2024). Education at a glance 2024: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/e7d20315-en

Price, H. E., & Weatherby, K. (2018). The global teaching profession and civil society: Toward a global teacher movement. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 16(4), 482–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2017.1413975

Sachs, J. (2001). Teacher professional identity: Competing discourses, competing outcomes. Journal of Education Policy, 16(2), 149–161. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233144446_Teacher_professional_identity_Competing_-discourses_competing_outcomes

Sahlberg, P., & Walker, T. D. (2021). In teachers we trust: The Finnish way to world-class schools. W. W. Norton & Company.

Saloviita, T., & Pakarinen, E. (2021). Teacher burnout explained: Teacher-, student-, and organisation-level variables. Teaching and Teacher Education, 97, Article 103221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103221

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2011). Teacher job satisfaction and motivation to leave the teaching profession: Relations with school context, feeling of belonging, and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(6), 1029–1038. https://www.academia.edu/17056835/Teacher_job_satisfaction_and_motivation_to_leave_the_-teaching_profession_Relations_with_school_context_feeling_of_belonging_and_emotional_exhaustion

Teach For All. (2023). Annual impact report. https://teachforall.org

UNESCO / Fundación SM. (2025). La profesión docente en Iberoamérica: situación, desafíos y propuestas. https://fundacion-sm.org/informe-profesion-docente-2025

Varkey Foundation. (2021). Teachers’ Voices: A global snapshot of teacher perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.varkeyfoundation.org

Varkey Foundation. (2023). What we do. https://www.varkeyfoundation.org/what-we-do/

Worth, J., & Faulkner-Ellis, H. (2022). Teacher Labour Market in England Annual Report. National Foundation for Educational Research. https://www.nfer.ac.uk/media/3mudk0m4/teacher_labour_market_in_england_annual_report_2022.pdf

Published
2025-09-25
How to Cite
Cserné Pekkel M. (2025). In defense of the teaching profession: the role of civil society organizations in preventing teacher attrition. Civil Rewiev, 22(5), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.62560/CSZ.2025.05.8