Az ásványi nyersanyagok nanoanyagként való alkalmazhatósága az élelmiszeriparban és a mezőgazdaságban – áttekintés
Absztrakt
Több ezer ásványi anyag létezik a Földön, és ezek egy részét az ipar különböző területein hasznosítják. A nanoanyagok egyedi alkalmazási jellemzőkkel rendelkeznek, amelyek elsősorban méretbeli tulajdonságaikhoz köthetők. Ezek az anyagok sokkal nagyobb felülettel rendelkeznek, mint ugyanezen anyagok normál méret intervallumú változata. Az agyagásványok különböző ionok adszorpcióján és deszorpcióján keresztül képesek megváltoztatni a fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságaikat. E tulajdonságok miatt a nanoanyagokat széles körben használják az iparban és a mezőgazdaságban. Az élelmiszeripar és az agrárszektor egyre nagyobb mértékben használja ezeket az anyagokat. Bentonitot, zeolitot és illitet már használnak a kozmetikai iparban és csomagolóanyagként is elterjedt. Másrészt a nanoanyagok közvetlen alkalmazása az élelmiszeriparban még nem elterjedt, inkább a feldolgozási folyamat valamely szakaszának elősegítése érdekében alkalmazzák ezeket az anyagokat. Valószínűleg a nanoanyagok, köztük az agyagásványok, fontos szerepet fognak játszani az élelmi szeripar fejlődésében. Mindezeket figyelembe véve, munkánk célja a jelenlegi alkalmazások áttekintése és összefoglalása volt. Tanulmányunk első részében összefoglaljuk a diszperz rendszerek főbb jellemzőit, továbbá az agyagásványok jellegzetes tulajdonságait, melyek az agrár és élelmiszeripari alkalmazhatóság szempontjából jelentősnek mondhatók. Bemutatjuk a nanoagyagok élelmiszerben alkalmazott főbb típusait és a jellegzetes felhasználásokat, végül összegezzük a jövőbeli lehetséges felhasználási irányokat.
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