Értékes fémek kinyerése a Li-ion akkumulátorok hulladékából
Absztrakt
A Li-ion akkumulátorok (LIB) elterjedése, a várható hulladéktömeg nagysága indokolja a feldolgozási módszerek vizsgálatát és fejlesztését. Ehhez ismerni kell a fontosabb akkumulátortípusok szerkezetét és értékes öszszetevőit. Áttekintve az alapvető piro- és hidrometallurgiai eljárások fő jellemzőit, érdemesnek láttunk laboratóriumi kísérleteket végezni a kloridos rendszerek alapján. A jelenleg preferált és perspektivikus LCO, illetve NMC811 katódanyagok mellett a hagyományos LFP-típusú hulladék akkumulátort sem zártuk ki a hidrometallurgiai kezelésre előkészített black mass mintákból. A sósavas kioldás hatékonynak bizonyult, valamint a kloridos közeg előnyösnek mutatkozott az anioncserés kromatográfiával kialakított fő elválasztási művelet során. Ezt kombinálva oxidatív precipitációs módszerrel is lehetett mind a Co, Ni és a Mn komponenseket is tiszta hidroxid/ oxid alakban külön kinyerni. Az elektrolitikus fémkinyerés a kloridos oldatból szintén ígéretes lehetőségnek mutatkozott a laboratóriumi kísérletek alapján.
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