A környezet táguló körei: az észlelt lakókörnyezet, a természettel való kapcsolat és a környezeti aggodalmak összefüggései
Absztrakt
A klímaaggodalom globálisan kimutatható erősödése szervesen összefonódik a természettel való kapcsolatunk és lakókörnyezetünk változásával, ám ennek az összefonódásnak számos eleme még feltáratlan. Kvantitatív kérdőíves kutatásunkban a planetáris egészség szemléleti keretében arra keressük a választ, hogy 1) milyen összefüggés mutatható ki a természethez való kapcsolódás és a pszichológiai jóllét mutatói (harmónia, élettel való elégedettség, észlelt stressz mértéke) között, illetve 2) milyen összefüggés mutatható ki a természethez való kapcsolódás, a lakókörnyezet észlelt természetközelisége és a környezeti krízis miatti aggodalmak mértéke között? Felmérésünkben 388 fő vett részt, 210 férfi és 178 nő, átlagéletkoruk 43,6 év (SD = 15,6) volt. A lakóhely természetközeliségének szubjektív értékelését az épített és természeti környezet arányára vonatkozó állításokkal vizsgáltuk. A kutatás során az alábbi kérdőíveket használtuk: Környezeti Kérdésekkel Kapcsolatos Aggodalmak, Természethez való Kapcsolódás Dimenziói Kérdőív, Klímaváltozás Miatti Aggodalom Skála, Harmónia Az Életben Skála, Élettel való Elégedettség Skála, Észlelt Stressz Kérdőív. Eredményeink szerint a természettel való erősebb kapcsolat az élettel való nagyobb elégedettséggel és alacsonyabb észlelt stresszel fonódik össze. A klímaváltozás miatti aggodalom együttjárást mutatott a természethez való kapcsolódással, illetve minél nagyobb mértékű énközpontú környezeti aggodalmat mutat egy személy, annál erősebb kapcsolódást él meg a természethez. A nők erősebb kapcsolódást élnek meg a természethez, mint a férfiak. Minél több időt tölt egy személy egy átlagos hétvégi napon a természetben és minél inkább természetközeli lakóhelyre vágyik, annál erősebb kapcsolódást él meg a természethez. Eredményeink gyakorlati beavatkozási pontok kialakítását segítik, amelyek egyszerre támogathatják a klímaadaptációt és a klímaaggodalom kezelését a planetáris egészség védelmében.
Hivatkozások
Ágoston, C. – Balázs, B. – Mónus, F. – Varga, A. (2024): Age differences and profiles in pro-environmental behavior and eco-emotions. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 48(2): 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650254231222436
Ágoston, C. – Buvár, Á. – Dúll, A. – Szabó, Z. Á. – Varga, A. (2024): Complex pathways from nature relatedness and knowledge to pro-environmental behavior through eco-emotions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 468, 143037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143037
Anderson, D. J. – Krettenauer, T. (2021): Connectedness to Nature and Pro-Environmental Behaviour from Early Adolescence to Adulthood: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Canada. Sustainability, 13(7): 3655. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073655
Berenguer, J. – Corraliza, J. A. – Martín, R. (2005): Rural-Urban Differences in Environmental Concern, Attitudes, and Actions. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(2): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.21.2.128
Berze, I. Z. – Varga, A. – Mónus, F. – Dúll, A. (2024): Magyar diákok környezettudatos világképének mérése. A NEP-skála gyermekeknek készült magyar változata dimenzionalitásának és validitásának megerősítő vizsgálata. Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle, 78(4): 647–673. https://doi.org/10.1556/0016.2023.00068
Bezeljak, P. – Torkar, G. – Möller, A. (2023): Understanding Austrian middle school students’ connectedness with nature. The Journal of Environmental Education, 54(3): 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2023.2188577
Capaldi, C. A. – Dopko, R. L. – Zelenski, J. M. (2014): The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00976
Chang, C. – Oh, R. R. Y. – Nghiem, T. P. L. – Zhang, Y. – Tan, C. L. Y. – Lin, B. B. – Gaston, K. J. – Fuller, R. A. – Carrasco, L. R. (2020): Life satisfaction linked to the diversity of nature experiences and nature views from the window. Landscape and Urban Planning, 202, 103874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103874
Cianconi, P. – Hanife, B. – Grillo, F. – Betro’, S. – Lesmana, C. B. J. – Janiri, L. (2023): Eco-emotions and Psychoterratic Syndromes: Reshaping Mental Health Assessment Under Climate Change. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 96(2): 211–226. https://doi.org/10.59249/EARX2427
Clayton, S. (2020): Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263
Clayton, S. (2021): Climate Change and Mental Health. Current Environmental Health Reports, 8(1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00303-3
Clayton, S. – Karazsia, B. T. (2020): Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
Closson, K. – Card, K. G. – Logi, C. – Aran, N. – Sachal, A. S. – Bratu, A. – Marshall, C. – Hu, A. T. – Takaro, T. K. – Kennedy, A. – Clayton, S. – Samji, H. – Martin, G. – Gislason, M. – Hogg, R. S. (2022): Gender Differences in Climate Change Anxiety. Rochester, NY, SSRN Scholarly Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4168583
Collins, R. M. – Spake, R. – Brown, K. A. – Ogutu, B. O. – Smith, D. – Eigenbrod, F. (2020): A systematic map of research exploring the effect of greenspace on mental health. Landscape and Urban Planning, 201, 103823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103823
Cox, D. T. C. – Shanahan, D. F. – Hudson, H. L. – Fuller, R. A. – Gaston, K. J. (2018): The impact of urbanisation on nature dose and the implications for human health. Landscape and Urban Planning, 179, 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.07.013
Currl, S. L. – Stanley, S. K. – Brown, P. M. – O’Brien, L. V. (2022): Nature connectedness in the climate change context: Implications for climate action and mental health. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 8(4): 448–460. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000329
Dean, J. – Shanahan, D. – Bush, R. – Gaston, K. – Lin, B. – Barber, E. – Franco, L. – Fuller, R. (2018): Is Nature Relatedness Associated with Better Mental and Physical Health? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7): 1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071371
Freeman, C. – Waters, D. L. – Buttery, Y. – Van Heezik, Y. (2019): The impacts of ageing on connection to nature: the varied responses of older adults. Health & Place, 56, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.010
Galway, L. P. – Field, E. (2023): Climate emotions and anxiety among young people in Canada: A national survey and call to action. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 9, 100204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2023.100204
Gifford, R. – Nilsson, A. (2014): Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3): 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034
Goldman, L. (2022): Climate Change and Youth: Turning Grief and Anxiety into Activism. 1. kiad. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003051770
Hafenscher, P. – Jankó, F. (2022): Environmental communication, from engagement to action: lessons from interviews with environmental experts, Hungary. Environmental Education Research, 28(12): 1777–1788. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2068506
Hatty, M. A. – Smith, L. D. G. – Goodwin, D. – Mavondo, F. T. (2020): The CN-12: A Brief, Multidimensional Connection With Nature Instrument. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01566
Hickman, C. – Marks, E. – Pihkala, P. – Clayton, S. – Lewandowski, R. E. – Mayall, E. E. – Wray, B. – Mellor, C. – Van Susteren, L. (2021): Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12): e863–e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3
Hinds, J. – Sparks, P. (2008): Engaging with the natural environment: The role of affective connection and identity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28(2): 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.11.001
Howell, A. J. – Dopko, R. L. – Passmore, H.-A. – Buro, K. (2011): Nature connectedness: Associations with well-being and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(2): 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.037
Hoyer, D. – Bennett, J. S. – Reddish, J. – Holder, S. – Howard, R. – Benam, M. – Levine, J. – Ludlow, F. – Feinman, G. – Turchin, P. (2023): Navigating polycrisis: long-run socio-cultural factors shape response to changing climate. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378(1889): 20220402. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0402
Huckauf, A. (2008): Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. In Dengler, J. – Dolnik, C. – Trepel, M. (Eds.): Flora, Vegetation, and Nature Conservation from Schleswig-Holstein to South America – Festschrift for Klaus Dierßen on Occasion of his 60th Birthday. – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geobotanik in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg, 65. Kiel, 329–344.
Ives, C. D. – Giusti, M. – Fischer, J. – Abson, D. J. – Klaniecki, K. – Dorninger, C. – Laudan, J. – Barthel, S. – Abernethy, P. – Martín-López, B. – Raymond, C. M. – Kendal, D. – von Wehrden, H. (2017): Human–nature connection: a multidisciplinary review. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 26–27, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.05.005
Juhász, J. - Mihók, B. (2025): A városi biodiverzitásról alkotott szociális reprezentáció megújításának szükségességéről. Tér és Társadalom 39(1) in press, https://doi.org/10.17649/TET.39.1.3578
Kaplan, R. – Kaplan, S. (1989): The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Kellert, S. R. (1997): Kinship to Mastery: Biophilia In Human Evolution And Development. Island Press.
Keniger, L. – Gaston, K. – Irvine, K. – Fuller, R. (2013): What are the Benefits of Interacting with Nature? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10(3): 913–935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030913
Knez, I. (2013): How Concerned, Afraid and Hopeful Are We? Effects of Egoism and Altruism on Climate Change Related Issues. Psychology, 4, 744-752. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.410106
Kjell, O. N. E. – Daukantaitė, D. – Hefferon, K. – Sikström, S. (2016): The Harmony in Life Scale Complements the Satisfaction with Life Scale: Expanding the Conceptualization of the Cognitive Component of Subjective Well-Being. Social Indicators Research, 126(2): 893–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0903-z
Klassen, M. (2010): Connectedness to nature: comparing rural and urban youths’ relationships with nature. Master of Arts in Environmental Education and Communication, Royal Roads University.
Kortetmäki, T. – Puurtinen, M. – Salo, M. – Aro, R. – Baumeister, S. – Duflot, R. – Elo, M. – Halme, P. – Husu, H.-M. – Huttunen, S. – Hyvönen, K. – Karkulehto, S. – Kataja-aho, S. – Keskinen, K. E. – Kulmunki, I. – Mäkinen, T. – Näyhä, A. – Okkolin, M.-A. – Perälä, T. – Purhonen, J. – Raatikainen, K. J. – Raippalinna, L.-M. – Salonen, K. – Savolainen, K. – Kotiaho, J. S. – JYU. Wisdom community (2021): Planetary well-being. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00899-3
Kumar, P. – Brander, L. – Kumar, M. – Cuijpers, P. (2023): Planetary Health and Mental Health Nexus: Benefit of Environmental Management. Annals of Global Health, 89(1): 49. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4079
Kurth, C. – Pihkala, P. (2022): Eco-anxiety: What it is and why it matters. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 981814. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981814
Lin, B. B. – Egerer, M. H. – Ossola, A. (2018): Urban Gardens as a Space to Engender Biophilia: Evidence and Ways Forward. Frontiers in Built Environment, 4. 79. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2018.00079
Martin, L. – White, M. P. – Hunt, A. – Richardson, M. – Pahl, S. – Burt, J. (2020): Nature contact, nature connectedness and associations with health, wellbeing and pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 68, 101389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101389
Martos T. – Sallay V. – Désfalvi J. – Szabó T. – Ittzés A. (2014): Az Élettel való Elégedettség Skála (SWLS-H) magyar változatának pszichometriai jellemzői. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 15, 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1556/Mental.15.2014.3.9
Materia, C. (2023): Climate state anxiety and connectedness to nature in rural Tasmania. University of Tasmania. https://doi.org/10.25959/23240465.V1
McMichael, A. J. (2003): Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses. World Health Organization.
Miller, J. R. (2005): Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20(8): 430–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.013
Mónus, F. – Bacskai, K. – Varga, A. – Berze, I. Z. – Néder, K. – Dúll, A. (2022): Általános és középiskolás diákok környezettudatosságát meghatározó tényezők a Fenntarthatósági Témahét 2021-es nagymintás vizsgálata alapján. Iskolakultúra, 32(7): 47–68. https://doi.org/10.14232/ISKKULT.2022.7.47
Nisbet, E. K. – Zelenski, J. M. – Murphy, S. A. (2009): The Nature Relatedness Scale: Linking Individuals’ Connection With Nature to Environmental Concern and Behavior. Environment and Behavior, 41(5): 715–740. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508318748
Pritchard, A. - Richardson, M. - Sheffield, D. - McEwan, K. (2020):The Relationship Between Nature Connectedness and Eudaimonic Well-Being: A Meta-analysis. J Happiness Stud 21, 1145–1167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00118-6
Pyle, R. M. (2003): Nature matrix: reconnecting people and nature. Oryx, 37(2): 206–214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605303000383
Reese, G. – Rueff, M. – Wullenkord, M. C. (2023): No risk, no fun…ctioning? Perceived climate risks, but not nature connectedness or self-efficacy predict climate anxiety. Frontiers in Climate, 5, 1158451. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1158451
Richardson, M. – Passmore, H.-A. – Lumber, R. – Thomas, R. – Hunt, A. (2021): Moments, not minutes: The nature-wellbeing relationship. International Journal of Wellbeing, 11(1): 8–33. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v11i1.1267
Richardson, M. - Hamlin, I. (2021). Nature engagement for human and nature’s well-being during the Corona pandemic. Journal of Public Mental Health, 20(2), 83–93.
Rigby, C. W. – Rosen, A. – Berry, H. L. – Hart, C. R. (2011): If the land’s sick, we’re sick: the impact of prolonged drought on the social and emotional well-being of Aboriginal communities in rural New South Wales. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 19(5): 249–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2011.01223.x
Roszak, T. – Gomes, M. E. – Kanner, A. D. (1995): Ecopsychology: Restoring the earth, healing the mind. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
Sallay, V. – Martos, T. – Rosta-Filep, O. – Horvát,h Zs. – Korpela, K. (2023): Profiles of perceived physical features and emotional experiences in favorite places: Discovering ambivalent place preferences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 90, 102084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102084
Schultz, P. W. (2000): New Environmental Theories: Empathizing With Nature: The Effects of Perspective Taking on Concern for Environmental Issues. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3): 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00174
Schultz, P. W. (2001): The structure of environmental concern: concern for self, other people, and the biosphere. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(4): 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0227
Schuttler, S. G. – Sorensen, A. E. – Jordan, R. C. – Cooper, C. – Shwartz, A. (2018): Bridging the nature gap: can citizen science reverse the extinction of experience? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 16(7): 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1826
Searle, K. – Gow, K. (2010): Do concerns about climate change lead to distress? International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2(4): 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/17568691011089891
Shanahan, D. – Astell-Burt, T. – Barber, E. – Brymer, E. – Cox, D. – Dean, J. – Depledge, M. – Fuller, R. – Hartig, T. – Irvine, K. – Jones, A. – Kikillus, H. – Lovell, R. – Mitchell, R. – Niemelä, J. – Nieuwenhuijsen, M. – Pretty, J. – Townsend, M. – Van Heezik, Y. – Warber, S. – Gaston, K. (2019): Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes. Sports, 7(6): 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060141
Shwartz, A. – Turbé, A. – Simon, L. – Julliard, R. (2014): Enhancing urban biodiversity and its influence on city-dwellers: An experiment. Biological Conservation, 171, 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.009
Sierra-Barón, W. – Olivos-Jara, P. – Gómez-Acosta, A. – Navarro, O. (2023): Environmental Identity, Connectedness with Nature, and Well-Being as Predictors of Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Their Comparison between Inhabitants of Rural and Urban Areas. Sustainability, 15(5): 4525. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054525
Snelgar, R. S. (2006): Egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric environmental concerns: Measurement and structure. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26(2): 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.06.003
Soper, D. S. (2025): A-priori Sample Size Calculator for Multiple Regression [Software]. https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
Stauder, A. – Konkolÿ Thege, B. (2006): AZ Észlelt Stressz Kérdőív (PSS) magyar verziójának jellemzői. Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika, 7(3): 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1556/Mental.7.2006.3.4
Stern, P. C. – Dietz, T. (1994): The Value Basis of Environmental Concern. Journal of Social Issues, 50(3): 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02420.x
Storp, V. T. (2022): The Human-Nature Relationship in Germany: Nature Connections and Disconnections in Urban and Rural Areas. Doctoral dissertation, School of Social Sciences, University of Adelide. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/138204
Sulphey, M. M. – Faisal, S. (2021): Connectedness to Nature and Environmental Concern as Antecedents of Commitment to Environmental Sustainability. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(2): 208–219. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10803
Summers, J. K. – Vivian, D. N. (2018): Ecotherapy – A Forgotten Ecosystem Service: A Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01389
Swami, V. – Chamorro-Premuzic, T. – Snelgar, R. – Furnham, A. (2010): Egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric environmental concerns: A path analytic investigation of their determinants. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(2): 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00760.x
Thomson, E. E. – Roach, S. P. (2023): The relationships among nature connectedness, climate anxiety, climate action, climate knowledge, and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1241400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1241400
Tzankova, I. I. – O’Sullivan, C. – Facciuto, A. I. – Sacchetti, L. – Fini, F. – Cicognani, E. – Setti, A. (2023): Engagement with Nature and the Home Environment: Wellbeing and Proenvironmental Behavior among Irish and Italian University Students during the COVID-19 Emergency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(14): 6432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146432
van den Berg, M. – van Poppel, M. – van Kamp, I. – Andrusaityte, S. – Balseviciene, B. – Cirach, M. – Danileviciute, A. – Ellis, N. – Hurst, G. – Masterson, D. – Smith, G. – Triguero-Mas, M. – Uzdanaviciute, I. – Wit, P. de – Mechelen, W. van – Gidlow, C. – Grazuleviciene, R. – Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. – Kruize, H. – Maas, J. (2016): Visiting green space is associated with mental health and vitality: A cross-sectional study in four european cities. Health & Place, 38, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.01.003
Verplanken, B. – Marks, E. – Dobromir, A. I. (2020): On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528
Walton, T. N. – Jones, R. E. (2018): Ecological Identity: The Development and Assessment of a Measurement Scale. Environment and Behavior, 50(6): 657–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517710310
Wang, J. – Geng, L. – Schultz, P. W. – Zhou, K. (2019): Mindfulness Increases the Belief in Climate Change: The Mediating Role of Connectedness With Nature. Environment and Behavior, 51(1): 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517738036
Watts, N. – Amann, M. – Arnell, N. – Ayeb-Karlsson, S. – Belesova, K. – Boykoff, M. – Byass, P. – Cai, W. – Campbell-Lendrum, D. – Capstick, S. – Chambers, J. – Dalin, C. – Daly, M. – Dasandi, N. – Davies, M. – Drummond, P. – Dubrow, R. – Ebi, K. L. – Eckelman, M. – Ekins, P. – Escobar, L. E. – Fernandez Montoya, L. – Georgeson, L. – Graham, H. – Haggar, P. – Hamilton, I. – Hartinger, S. – Hess, J. – Kelman, I. – Kiesewetter, G. – Kjellstrom, T. – Kniveton, D. – Lemke, B. – Liu, Y. – Lott, M. – Lowe, R. – Sewe, M. O. – Martinez-Urtaza, J. – Maslin, M. – McAllister, L. – McGushin, A. – Jankin Mikhaylov, S. – Milner, J. – Moradi-Lakeh, M. – Morrissey, K. – Murray, K. – Munzert, S. – Nilsson, M. – Neville, T. – Oreszczyn, T. – Owfi, F. – Pearman, O. – Pencheon, D. – Phung, D. – Pye, S. – Quinn, R. – Rabbaniha, M. – Robinson, E. – Rocklöv, J. – Semenza, J. C. – Sherman, J. – Shumake-Guillemot, J. – Tabatabaei, M. – Taylor, J. – Trinanes, J. – Wilkinson, P. – Costello, A. – Gong, P. – Montgomery, H. (2019): The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. The Lancet, 394(10211): 1836–1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6
White, M. P. – Pahl, S. – Wheeler, B. W. – Depledge, M. H. – Fleming, L. E. (2017): Natural environments and subjective wellbeing: Different types of exposure are associated with different aspects of wellbeing. Health & Place, 45, 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.008
Whitmarsh, L. – Player, L. – Jiongco, A. – James, M. – Williams, M. – Marks, E. – Kennedy-Williams, P. (2022): Climate anxiety: What predicts it and how is it related to climate action? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 101866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101866
Whitmee, S. – Haines, A. – Beyrer, C. – Boltz, F. – Capon, A. G. – De Souza Dias, B. F. – Ezeh, A. – Frumkin, H. – Gong, P. – Head, P. – Horton, R. – Mace, G. M. – Marten, R. – Myers, S. S. – Nishtar, S. – Osofsky, S. A. – Pattanayak, S. K. – Pongsiri, M. J. – Romanelli, C. – Soucat, A. – Vega, J. – Yach, D. (2015): Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health. The Lancet, 386(10007): 1973–2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60901-1
Wilson, M. (2007): The vicar and the vicar’s garden. Rural Theology, 5(2), 101-109.
Willox, A.C. – Harper, S. L. – Ford, J. D. – Landman, K. – Houle, K. – Edge, V. L. (2012): “From this place and of this place:” Climate change, sense of place, and health in Nunatsiavut, Canada. Social Science & Medicine, 75(3): 538–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.043
Wullenkord, M. C. – Tröger, J. – Hamann, K. R. S. – Loy, L. S. – Reese, G. (2021): Anxiety and climate change: a validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale in a German-speaking quota sample and an investigation of psychological correlates. Climatic Change, 168(3–4): 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03234-6
Wu, N. – Jones, C. (2022):The Relationship between Connectedness to Nature and Well- Being: A Meta-Analysis. Current Research in Psychology and Behavioral Science, 3(6):1064.
Xie, S. – Pan, Q. – Zheng, H. – Xiao, N. – Li, J. (2023): Key Factors Strengthening Residents’ Psychological Well-Being and Critical Human-Nature Connections within the Living Spaces—An Example from Beijing. Diversity, 15(3): 438. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030438
