Henry Blount utazása a 16–17. századi közel-keleti angol utazási irodalom tükrében
Abstract
Az angol kereskedelmi tevékenység keleti térnyerésével párhuzamosan a 16–17. század fordulójától kezdve megnőtt a levantei úti beszámolók száma. Ebben a tanulmányban Henry Blount A Voyage into the Levant című művét helyezzük el a 16–17. századi közel-keleti angol utazási beszámolók között (John Sanderson, Fynes Moryson, William Biddulph, Thomas Dallam, George Sandys művei) arra a kérdésre keresve a választ, hogy mennyiben szolgálhatta az útleírás az angol politikai és gazdasági érdekeket, hogyan járulhatott hozzá a kereskedelmi kapcsolatok gördülékenyebbé tételéhez, valamint mi volt a mű nagy népszerűségének titka. Blount módszere jóval megelőzte az iszlám világ racionális vizsgálatának korszakát. Az angol utazó jogi és kereskedelmi ügyek szakértőjeként az oszmán politikával és hadsereggel kapcsolatos információit az angol korona érdekében kamatoztatta. A Voyage into the Levant gyakorlati útmutató is, amely lehetővé tette az angolok számára, hogy biztonságosan közlekedjenek és nyereséggel kereskedjenek az Oszmán Birodalomban. Henry Blount műve nemcsak a koraújkori olvasó számára tartogat izgalmas történeteket és elgondolkodtató sorokat.
Literaturhinweise
Ágoston Gábor, Koraújkori kiviteli tilalmak és fegyverkereskedelem, Az oszmánok és Anglia = In memoriam Barta Gábor, Tanulmányok Barta Gábor emlékére, szerk. Lengvári István, Pécs, 1996, 183–194.
Ágoston, Gábor, Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Ágoston Gábor, Európa és az Oszmán hódítás, Bp., Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum, 2014.
Ágoston, Gábor, The Last Muslim Conquest, The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691205380
Angol és skót utazók a régi Magyarországon 1542–1737, ford. Gömöri György, Bp., Argumentum, 1994.
Biddulph, William The trauels of certaine Englishmen into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia, Thracia, and to the Blacke Sea And into Syria, Cilicia, Pisidia, Mesopotamia, Damascus, Canaan, Galile, Samaria, Iudea, Palestina, Ierusalem, Iericho, and to the Red Sea: and to sundry other places. Begunne in the yeare of iubile 1600. and by some of them finished in this yeere 1608. The others not yet returned. Very profitable to the help of trauellers, and no lesse delightfull to all persons who take pleasure to heare of the manners, gouernement, religion, and customes of forraine and heathen countries, London, Printed by Th. Haueland. for W. Aspley, and are to bee sold at his shop in Paules Church-yard, at the signe of the Parrot, 1609.
Blount, Henry, A voyage into the Levant: A breife relation of a Journey, lately performed by Master H.B. Gentlemen, from England by the way of Venice, into Dalmatia, Sclavonia, Bosnah, Hungary, Macedonia, Thessaly, Thrace, Rhodes and Egypt,unto Gran Cairo: with particular observations concerning the moderne condition of the Turkes, and other people under that Empire, London, 1636.
Burian, Orhan, Interest of the English in Turkey as Reflected in English Literature of the Renaissance = Oriens, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1952, 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1163/1877837252X00028
Christian-Muslim Relations, A Bibliographical History, Vol. 8. Northern and Eastern Europe (1600–1700), ed. David Thomas, John A. Chesworth, Brill, 2016.
Danson, Lawrence, The Sultan’s Organ: Presents and Self-Presentation in Thomas Dallam’s ‘Diary = Renaissance Studies, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2009, 639–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.2009.00594.x
Davis, Richard Beale, Early Editions of George Sandy’s ’Ovid’: The Circumstances of Production = The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1941, 255–256. https://doi.org/10.1086/pbsa.35.4.24293493
Davis, Richard Beale, Volumes from George Sandys’s Library Now in America = The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 65, No. 4, 1957, 451.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Vol. 5, Blount, Sir Henry.
Din-Kariuki, Natalya, Reading the Ottoman Empire: Intertextuality and Experience in Henry Blount’s Voyage into the Levant (1636) = The Review of English Studies, Vol. 74, Issue 313, 2023, 47–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/res/hgac062
Early Modern Tales of Orient, A Critical Anthology, ed. Kenneth Parker, Routledge, 1999.
Early Voyages and Travels in the Levant, ed. Bent, Teodore J., Hakluyt Society, 1893.
Haklyut, Richard, The principal navigations, voyages, traffiques and discoveries of the English nation: made by sea or ouer-land to the remote and farthest distant quarters of the earth, at any time within the compasse of these 1600 years: diuided into three seuerall volumes, according to the positions of the regions... London, 1599.
Haynes, Jonathan, Two Seventeenth Century Perspectives on the Middle East: George Sandys and Sir Henry Blount = Journal of Comparative Poetics, No. 3, 1983, 4–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/521653
Holmberg, E. J., Fynes Moryson’s Grief: Writing the Mobile Ailing Body in Seventeenth-Century England = Cultural and Social History, 18(2021), 1, 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2020.1867037
Horniker, Arthur Leon, William Harborne and the Beginning of Anglo-Turkish Diplomatic and Commercial Relations = The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1942, 289–316. https://doi.org/10.1086/236634
Hughes, Charles, Shakespeare’s Europe, Unpublished Chapters of Fynes Moryson’s Itinenary, London, 1903, bevezető tanulmány i-xlvi.
Hungarica, Ungarn Betreffende im Auslande Gedruckte Bücher und Flugschriften gesammelt und beschreiben von Graf Alexander Apponyi, Teil II., Bp., Országos Széchényi Könyvtár, 2004.
John Sanderson levantei utazása 1584–1602, ford. Várkonyi Gábor = Kora újkori egyetemes szöveggyűjtemény, szerk. Poór János, Osiris, 2000b, 411–419.
MacLean, Gerald M., The Rise of Oriental Travel, English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720, Macmillan, 2004a.
MacLean, Gerald, Strolling in Syria with William Biddulph = Criticism, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2004b, 415–439. https://doi.org/10.1353/crt.2005.0009
MacLean, Gerald M., Looking East: English Writing and the Ottoman Empire before 1800, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Moryson, Fynes, An itinerary vvritten by Fynes Moryson Gent. First in the Latine tongue, and then translated by him into English: containing his ten yeeres trauell through the tvvelue dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Jtaly, Turky, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. Diuided into III parts. The I. part. Containeth a iournall through all the said twelue dominions: shewing particularly the number of miles, the soyle of the country, the situation of cities, the descriptions of them, with all monuments in each place worth the seeing, as also the rates of hiring coaches or horses from place to place, with each daies expences for diet, horse-meate, and the like. The II. part. Containeth the rebellion of Hugh, Earle of Tyrone, and the appeasing thereof: written also in forme of a iournall. The III. part. Containeth a discourse vpon seuerall heads, through all the said seuerall dominions, At London: Printed by Iohn Beale, dwelling in Aldersgate street, 1617.
Pinkerton, John, A general collection of the best and most interesting voyages and travels in all parts of the world; many of which are now first translated into English. Digested on a new plan, Vol. 10, London, 1811.
Rycaut, Paul, The Turkish History, from the original of that nation to the growth of the Ottoman Empire, with the Lives and Conquests of their several Kings and Emperors; with a continuation to the present year MDCLXXXVII, London, Thomas Basset, 1687.
Sandys, George, The Relation of a Journey Begun An. Dom. 1610. Four Bookes. Containing a Description of the Turkish Empire, of Ægypt, of the Holy Land, of the Remote Parts of Italy, and Ilands Adioyning, London, 1615.
[S. n.], Dallam’s Voyage to Turkey = The Musical Times, Vol. 46, No. 752, 1905, 649–654. https://doi.org/10.2307/904396
Suranyi, Anna, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, University Press Copublishing Division / University of Delaware Press, 2008.
The Diary of Master Thomas Dallam, 1599–1600 = Early Voyages and Travels in the Levant, ed Theodore Bent, London, Hakluyt Society, 1893.
The generall historie of the Turkes from the first beginning of that nation to the rising of the Othoman familie: with all the notable expeditions of the Christian princes against them. Together with the liues and conquests of the Othoman kings and emperours faithfullie collected out of the- best histories, both auntient and moderne, and digested into one continuat historie vntill this present yeare 1603: by Richard Knolles, London, Adam Islip, 1603.
The Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant, 1584–1602, With his Autobiography and Selection from his Correspondence, ed. William Forster, Hakluyt Society, London, 1931.
Thompson, Edward H., Elizabethan Economic Analysis: Fynes Moryson’s Account of the Economies of Europe = History of Economic Ideas, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1995, 1–25.
Travel and Conflict in the Early Modern World, ed. Gábor Gelléri, Rachel Willie, London, 2020.
Travel Knowledge: European „Discoveries” in the Early Modern Period, ed. Ivo Kamps, Jyotsna G. Singh, New York, Palgrave, 2001.
Várkonyi Gábor, A konstantinápolyi angol politika a tizenötével háború időszakában = Aetas, 15(2000a), 4, 106–123.
Várkonyi Gábor, Edward Barton konstantinápolyi angol követ jelentése az 1596. évi szultáni hadjáratról = Levéltári Közlemények, 73(2002), 177–198.
Várkonyi Gábor, Angol békeközvetítés és a lengyel–török tárgyalások a tizenöt éves háború időszakában = Aetas, 18(2003), 2, 44–62.
Várkonyi Gábor, John Sanderson – Utazó kalandor vagy diplomata? = Dimenziók I. – Földrajz, utazás, történelem, szerk. Lendvai Timár Edit,
