Szűrt liberalizáció és kettős mérce
Az EU–Mercosur megállapodás agrárhatásai, környezeti kockázatai és politikai gazdaságtana
Absztrakt
Az EU–Mercosur társulási megállapodásnak az európai mezőgazdaságra gyakorolt hatásai jóval túlmutatnak a vámok ügyén. Az elemzések leginkább azzal foglalkoznak, hogy a piacnyitás miként találkozik az EU belső környezeti, állatjóléti és élelmiszer-biztonsági normáival, és hogyan oszlanak meg a terhek és a nyereségek a tagállamok, a termékpályák és a gazdaságtípusok között. A friss irodalom túlnyomó része az EU-ra gyakorolt teljes hatást csekélynek, az elosztási következményeket viszont jelentősnek találja: a marhahús-, a baromfi-, a cukor- és részben a rizságazat sérülékenyebb, míg a versenyképesebb szegmensek (például a tej- és a sertéstermelés) előtt új exportcsatornák nyílhatnak. A „szűrt liberalizáció” (vámkontingensek, egészségügyi és növényegészségügyi intézkedések, fenntarthatósági előírások) tompíthatja a jövedelmi sokkokat, de nem oldja fel a kormányzási paradoxont: a belső fegyelem és a külső engedékenység gyanúját. A tanulmány mechanizmusorientált szintézisben rendszerezi a fő csatornákat és a szakpolitikai tanulságokat.
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