Légvédelmi és rakétavédelmi nemzetközi együttműködési formák
Összehasonlító modellek és következmények az európai államok számára
Kulcsszavak:
Lég- és rakétavédelem, Földi telepítésű légvédelem, Nemzetközi együttműködés, Képességfejlesztés, Interoperabilitás
Absztrakt
Az Európában indított, provokáció nélküli agresszív háború keserű valósága ráébreszt bennünket arra, hogy biztonságunkat nem vehetjük biztosnak. Az erős és hatékony légvédelem elengedhetetlenül fontos szerepet játszik a meglévő és kialakuló fenyegetések sikeres elhárításában. A légi és rakétavédelmi missziók többnemzetiségű végrehajtása szinergikus hatásokat eredményez az általános operatív teljesítményre nézve, amelyek meghaladják a nemzeti hozzájárulások összegét. Ebben a cikkben a NATO és az EU többnemzetiségű együttműködésének több formáját elemezzük, hogy végül arra a következtetésre jussunk, hogy a nagyobb integrációs potenciállal rendelkező keretek eredményezik a legjobb képességnövekedést az európai nemzetek számára a légi és rakétavédelem területén.
Hivatkozások
Arnold Sven, Arnold Tobias 2024: Deutschlands schwache Führungsrolle bei der europäischen Luftverteidigung. Wehrtechnik I/2024, 56 (I): 10-15.
Bergmann Max, Svendsen Otto 2023: Transforming European Defense - A New Focus on Integration. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), June 2023.
Biscop Sven, Murillo Beatriz Cózar 2024: PESCO: The Last Chance. Royal Institute for International Relations, Egmont Policy Brief 341, April 2024.
Bronk, Berry 2020: The Importance of Integrated Air and Missile Defence Training. Joint Air Power Competence Centre Journal 30, 2020: 78-83.
Bronk, Berry 2021: 25 Years of Integrated Air and Missile Defence Training. Joint Air Power Competence Centre Journal 33, 2021: 17-23.
Brown, Wendi O. 2024: Joint Multi-Domain Operational Advantage. IAMD COE’s Journal. (3) 2024: 56-63. https://iamd-coe.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/IAMD-COE-Journal-Vol.3.pdf (accessed 11 January 2026)
Cazalet, Mark 2025: Desolate skies: Why GBAD matters. European Security and Defence (9) 2025: 18-24.
Council of the European Union 2022: A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence - For a European Union that protects its citizens, values and interests and contributes to international peace and security. 21 March 2022. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7371-2022-INIT/en/pdf (accessed 3 January 2026)
Council of the European Union 2024: Conclusions on the PESCO Strategic Review. 18 November 2024. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-14375-2024-INIT/en/pdf (accessed 10 January 2026)
Dowd Anna M., Flanagan Stephen J. 2025: Time to Reassess the Costs of Euro-Atlantic Security. RAND. 17 February 2025. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2025/02/time-to-reassess-the-costs-of-euro-atlantic-security.html (accessed 13 January 2026)
European Commission, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 2025: White Paper for European Defence – Readiness 2030. Brussels, 19 March 2025. https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/white-paper-european-defence-readiness-2030_en (accessed 10 January 2026)
European Parliamentary Research Service 2024: European capability development planning. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2024/759619/EPRS_ATA(2024)759619_EN.pdf (accessed 3 January 2026)
Everts, Steven 2025: Europe is a patchwork, and that is a good thing. EU Institute for Security Studies, 30 September 2025, https://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/commentary/europe-patchwork-and-good-thing (accessed 2 January 2026)
Fritz Hannes, Kleiber Leonard 2025: European Sky Shield – Renaissance der europäischen Flugabwehr? Reservist Association of Deutsche Bundeswehr, Security policy paper, 6 January 2025. https://www.reservistenverband.de/magazin-die-reserve/european-sky-shield-renaissance-der-europaeischen-luftabwehr/ (accessed 5 January 2026)
Howorth, Joylen 2014: Security and Defence Policy in the European Union. 2nd edition, Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaushal, Dr Sidharth 2025: Undoing Babel’s curse: The challenge of integrating allied air and missile defence systems. European Security and Defence (5)2025: 48-51.
Lawrence Tony, Zandee Dick, Gasper Felix 2025: Defending Europe’s Skies – Challenges and prospects. International Centre for Defence and Security, Tallin, Estonia. Policy Paper, May 2025.
Loss, Rafael 2024: A Roof Over Europe? Ground-Based Air Defence After the Zeitenwende. Federal Academy for Security Policy, Security Policy Working Paper. (3)2024. https://www.baks.bund.de/en/working-papers/2024/a-roof-over-europe-ground-based-air-defence-after-the-zeitenwende (accessed 5 January 2026)
Machi, Vivienne 2022: NATO gears up to launch new air defense programs in 2023. Defense News, 7 June 2022. https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/06/07/nato-gears-up-to-launch-new-air-defense-programs-in-2023/ (accessed 10 January 2026)
Martill Benjamin, Gebhard Carmen 2023: Combined differentiation in European defense: tailoring Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) to strategic and political complexity. Contemporary Security Policy. 44(1): 97-124.
Mölling, Christian 2012: Pooling and Sharing in the EU and NATO – European Defence Needs Political Commitment rather than Technocratic Solutions, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs. 18 June 2012.
NATO 2025a: NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence Policy. 13 February 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/about-us/official-texts-and-resources/official-texts/2025/02/13/nato-integrated-air-and-missile-defence-policy (accessed 3 January 2026)
NATO 2025b: Topics: NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence. 13 February 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/nato-integrated-air-and-missile-defence (accessed 3 January 2026)
NATO 2025c: Topics: Multinational capability cooperation. 30 July 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/multinational-capability-cooperation?selectedLocale= (accessed 10 January 2026)
Scazzieri, Luigi 2025: Rebuilding Europe’s Defences – How to unlock a coordinated defence surge. European Institute for Security Studies. 2025.
Van Hooft Paul, Boswinkel Lotje 2021: Surviving the Deadly Skies – Integrated Air and Missile Defence 2021-2035. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. November 2021. Surviving the Deadly Skies: Integrated Air and Missile Defence 2021-2035 - HCSS (accessed 11 January 2026)
Witney, Nick 2023: Spirit of ambition: The Ukraine war and European defence integration. European Council on Foreign Relations. 26 July 2023. https://ecfr.eu/article/spirit-of-ambition-the-ukraine-war-and-european-defence-integration/ (accessed 3 January 2026)
Bergmann Max, Svendsen Otto 2023: Transforming European Defense - A New Focus on Integration. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), June 2023.
Biscop Sven, Murillo Beatriz Cózar 2024: PESCO: The Last Chance. Royal Institute for International Relations, Egmont Policy Brief 341, April 2024.
Bronk, Berry 2020: The Importance of Integrated Air and Missile Defence Training. Joint Air Power Competence Centre Journal 30, 2020: 78-83.
Bronk, Berry 2021: 25 Years of Integrated Air and Missile Defence Training. Joint Air Power Competence Centre Journal 33, 2021: 17-23.
Brown, Wendi O. 2024: Joint Multi-Domain Operational Advantage. IAMD COE’s Journal. (3) 2024: 56-63. https://iamd-coe.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/IAMD-COE-Journal-Vol.3.pdf (accessed 11 January 2026)
Cazalet, Mark 2025: Desolate skies: Why GBAD matters. European Security and Defence (9) 2025: 18-24.
Council of the European Union 2022: A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence - For a European Union that protects its citizens, values and interests and contributes to international peace and security. 21 March 2022. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7371-2022-INIT/en/pdf (accessed 3 January 2026)
Council of the European Union 2024: Conclusions on the PESCO Strategic Review. 18 November 2024. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-14375-2024-INIT/en/pdf (accessed 10 January 2026)
Dowd Anna M., Flanagan Stephen J. 2025: Time to Reassess the Costs of Euro-Atlantic Security. RAND. 17 February 2025. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2025/02/time-to-reassess-the-costs-of-euro-atlantic-security.html (accessed 13 January 2026)
European Commission, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 2025: White Paper for European Defence – Readiness 2030. Brussels, 19 March 2025. https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/white-paper-european-defence-readiness-2030_en (accessed 10 January 2026)
European Parliamentary Research Service 2024: European capability development planning. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2024/759619/EPRS_ATA(2024)759619_EN.pdf (accessed 3 January 2026)
Everts, Steven 2025: Europe is a patchwork, and that is a good thing. EU Institute for Security Studies, 30 September 2025, https://www.iss.europa.eu/publications/commentary/europe-patchwork-and-good-thing (accessed 2 January 2026)
Fritz Hannes, Kleiber Leonard 2025: European Sky Shield – Renaissance der europäischen Flugabwehr? Reservist Association of Deutsche Bundeswehr, Security policy paper, 6 January 2025. https://www.reservistenverband.de/magazin-die-reserve/european-sky-shield-renaissance-der-europaeischen-luftabwehr/ (accessed 5 January 2026)
Howorth, Joylen 2014: Security and Defence Policy in the European Union. 2nd edition, Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaushal, Dr Sidharth 2025: Undoing Babel’s curse: The challenge of integrating allied air and missile defence systems. European Security and Defence (5)2025: 48-51.
Lawrence Tony, Zandee Dick, Gasper Felix 2025: Defending Europe’s Skies – Challenges and prospects. International Centre for Defence and Security, Tallin, Estonia. Policy Paper, May 2025.
Loss, Rafael 2024: A Roof Over Europe? Ground-Based Air Defence After the Zeitenwende. Federal Academy for Security Policy, Security Policy Working Paper. (3)2024. https://www.baks.bund.de/en/working-papers/2024/a-roof-over-europe-ground-based-air-defence-after-the-zeitenwende (accessed 5 January 2026)
Machi, Vivienne 2022: NATO gears up to launch new air defense programs in 2023. Defense News, 7 June 2022. https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/06/07/nato-gears-up-to-launch-new-air-defense-programs-in-2023/ (accessed 10 January 2026)
Martill Benjamin, Gebhard Carmen 2023: Combined differentiation in European defense: tailoring Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) to strategic and political complexity. Contemporary Security Policy. 44(1): 97-124.
Mölling, Christian 2012: Pooling and Sharing in the EU and NATO – European Defence Needs Political Commitment rather than Technocratic Solutions, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs. 18 June 2012.
NATO 2025a: NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence Policy. 13 February 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/about-us/official-texts-and-resources/official-texts/2025/02/13/nato-integrated-air-and-missile-defence-policy (accessed 3 January 2026)
NATO 2025b: Topics: NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence. 13 February 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/nato-integrated-air-and-missile-defence (accessed 3 January 2026)
NATO 2025c: Topics: Multinational capability cooperation. 30 July 2025. https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/multinational-capability-cooperation?selectedLocale= (accessed 10 January 2026)
Scazzieri, Luigi 2025: Rebuilding Europe’s Defences – How to unlock a coordinated defence surge. European Institute for Security Studies. 2025.
Van Hooft Paul, Boswinkel Lotje 2021: Surviving the Deadly Skies – Integrated Air and Missile Defence 2021-2035. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. November 2021. Surviving the Deadly Skies: Integrated Air and Missile Defence 2021-2035 - HCSS (accessed 11 January 2026)
Witney, Nick 2023: Spirit of ambition: The Ukraine war and European defence integration. European Council on Foreign Relations. 26 July 2023. https://ecfr.eu/article/spirit-of-ambition-the-ukraine-war-and-european-defence-integration/ (accessed 3 January 2026)
Megjelent
2026-07-10
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
Biztonságpolitika
