Reinforced cooperation, variable geometry, PESCO

  • Anna Molnár National University of Public Service, Faculty of Military Science and Officer Training https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-6985
  • Laura Szabolcs National University of Public Service, Faculty of Military Science and Officer Training
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17047/Hadtud.2020.30.4.77
Keywords: European Union, Common Security and Defence Policy, Permanent Structured Cooperation, variable geometry

Abstract

Since the acceptance of the Global Strategy in 2016, the cooperation between EU members has been constantly deepening in the field of defence. One of the European Union’s Common Security and Defence Policy’s defining segment is the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), which was established in 2017. This type of cooperation offers the possibility of differentiated or flexible integration therefore we consider it significant to examine the willingness of each Member State to cooperate in the ongoing projects and within these for instance areas such as enhanced cooperation or variable geometry. The Member States’ clustering was carried out based on differences and similarities in certain defence (or defence policy-related) formations, alliances and agreements, in addition we divided the project groups defined by the Council of the EU to chapters. In each category of projects, the willingness of each Member State to cooperate is presented with the help of graphs.

Published
2020-12-31
Issue
Vol. 30 No. 4 (2020)
Section
Security policy