Perspectives of Bilateral Nuclear Arms Control between the U.S. and Russia

Abstract

Since our world entered the nuclear age, state policies on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have profoundly shaped international relations and global security. Nuclear weapons are often viewed as essential deterrents against potential adversaries, and for decades, experts have debated their role in conflict prevention, strategic stability, and arms control. In today’s rapidly changing security environment, examining the approaches of nuclear-armed states has become increasingly important, especially as the ongoing Russo–Ukrainian war continues to destabilise regional and global security, with nuclear rhetoric escalating to alarming levels. This study examines the current state of bilateral nuclear arms control between the United States and the Russian Federation to assess its future trajectories. This topic remains highly relevant, as nuclear weapons continue to pose serious risks to international security, and the relationship between these two powers plays a central role in global stability. Moreover, long-standing arms control agreements are under increasing pressure from shifting geopolitical dynamics, technological developments, and changes in military doctrine.