Digital Mohács 3.0

Abstract

How exposed is Hungary to a cyberspace operation? Is it even conceivable that Hungarycould be attacked by another nation state through cyberspace in peacetime? These are just twoof a huge range of questions that regularly emerge among representatives of Hungariancybersecurity, and which increasingly need to be answered in public. It is no coincidence thatsuch questions are being raised, as for decades we have been experiencing that our society andeconomy are increasingly dependent on the digital ecosystem, while one of the main focalpoints of the great-power competition is exactly on the information infrastructure. And in the third decade of the century, revolutionary changes took place that, while not without portentsfor experts, have the power of novelty for the general public. Disruptive technologies such asartificial intelligence, security challenges that are reshaping the international order, such asthe Russia-Ukraine war or the tension between the US and China, or the widespread digitalinclusion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought digitalisation ata breakneck speed to a wide range of societies and businesses are worth mentioning here.A few years after the authors’ two-part study entitled Digital Mohács, this paper focuses onthe domestic cybersecurity situation, analysing the most important cyberspace areas.