A masszóra, mint a zsoltárok megértésének nélkülözhetetlen eszköze
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33031/ZRFS.2026.4.4Kulcsszavak:
Masszóra, מָסוֹרֶת, szövegelemzésAbsztrakt
Ebben a tanulmányban jelentőségteljes összefüggéseket tárok fel a Masszórán belül. Ezek az összefüggések kizárólag a Masszóra alapján fedezhetők fel, amely így nélkülözhetetlen a megértéshez. Olyan kapcsolatokra világítanak rá, amelyekhez a Masszórai széljegyzetek nélkül nem juthatnánk el, ezen összefüggések megértése pedig hatással van az adott szöveg megfelelő kontextusba helyezésére.
Hivatkozások
ELLIGER, K. RUDOLPH, W. (Eds.): Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, quae antea cooperantibus Alt, A.... ed. Kittel, R., adjuvantibus Bardtke, H.... ed., Textum masoreticum curavit Rüger, H. P., Masoram elaboravit Weil, G. E., Editio quinta emendata opera Schenker, A., Stuttgart, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997, 1089.; KELLEY, P. H.; MYNATT, D. S.; CRAWFORD, T. G.: The masorah of "Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia" : introduction and annotated glossary Grand Rapids, MI [etc.] 1998. 80. 105. 121.
FREEDMAN, D. N. BECK, A. B. SANDERS, J. A.: The Leningrad Codex, Facsimile Edition, Wm. B. Eerdmans, Brill Academic Publishers, Grand Rapids, Mich., Leiden, 1998, 743.
Masora Thesaurus (Masora Thesaurus) Masora of Codex Leningrad (B19a) as arranged, deciphered, and annotated by Prof. Aron Dotan with the assistance of Nurit Reich, Tel Aviv University Copyright © 2014 by Prof. Aron Dotan. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Accordance edition hypertexted and formatted by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 5.0 Paragraph 120291 of 188358; https://www.mgketer.org/mikra/1/1/1/mg/70
WEIL, G. E. : Massorah gedolah iuxta codicem leningradensem B 19 a ; Vol. I: Catalogi Romae 1971. 353. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1089.
Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology (MT-AFD) The Andersen-Forbes Database, developed by Francis I. Andersen and A. Dean Forbes Copyright © 2020 by Biblical Hebrew Resources, NPC All rights reserved. Used by permission. Version 2.2. Verse 15182 of 23213.; Masora of Codex Leningrad, Paragraph 120292 of 188358.
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartnertranslated and edited under the supervision of M.E.J. Richardson © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Electronic text hypertexted and prepared by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 3.7, 724.; MANDELKERN, S. :Veteris Testamenti Concordantiae Hebraicae Atque Chaldaicae, Sumptibus Schocken Hierosolymis, Tel-Aviv, 1978, 769. 1335; EVEN-SHOSHAN, A.: A new concordance of the Bible : thesaurus of the language of the Bible Hebrew and aramaic roots, words, proper names phrases and synonyms Kiryat Sefer Publishing House, Jerusalem, 1988, 763. 784. 785.
Greek Septuagint (LXX1) Kraft/Taylor/Wheeler Septuagint Morphology Database v. 4.8 Copyright © 2012, Bernard A. Taylor and Dale M. Wheeler. All rights reserved. Septuaginta, edited by Alfred Rahlfs Editio altera by Robert Hanhart ©2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart. See the module “Accordance Module Info” for more details. Version 5.6, Verse 16014 of 28971; KARRER, M. KRAUS, W.: Septuaginta Deutsch, Erläuterungen und Kommentare zum griechischen Alten Testament Band II Psalmen bis Daniel, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2011, 1506.
KÖNIG, E.: Hebräisches und aramäisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament, Dieterich’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1936, 280.; The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 703.
KÖNIG, Hebräisches und aramäisches Wörterbuch, 269.; The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 681.
„the light of your face has fled from over us,” - GOLDINGAY, J.: Psalm 4: ambiguity and resolution, Tyndale Bulletin, 57 no 2 2006, 161-172, 168.; GOLDINGAY, J.: Psalms, Baker Academic, Grand Rapids, Mich., 2006, 117.
DRIVER, G. R.: Hebrew notesVetus Testamentum, 1 no 4 Oct 1951, 241-250, 247.
GRUBER, M. I., Rashi's commentary on Psalms Brill, Leiden, Boston, 2004, 186. 187.; Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 772. 754.
g¾¾lrt tnX aXraww, gr[bsyz dwd lantn, !wXmX r¾b qxcy, rqy Xwryp ~[ bwj rxwX Xrdm arqnh, ~ylht Xrdm 5633, 1873, 16.
KARRER, KRAUS, Septuaginta Deutsch, Erläuterungen II, 1506.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1164
„All our desire is for the light of Thy countenance for the world to come.” - ḲIMḤI, D. BOKSZ, G. H.: The longer commentary of R. David Ḳimḥi on the first book of Psalms (I-X, XV-XVII, XIX, XXII, XXIV) Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, New York The Macmillan Company 1919, 30.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1385.; Biblia, Istennek az Ószövetségben és Újszövetségben adott kijelentése, magyarázó jegyzetekkel/ magyar nyelvre ford. és revideálta a Magyar Bibliatársulat Szöveggondozó Bizottsága Kálvin János Kiadó, Budapest, 2018. 1077.; „God’s decree concerning the empires is final. The mighty kings are only pawns in God’s scheme. - PACE, S.: Daniel: Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary, Macon, Ga., 2008, 70.
„Spelled nun, samakh, heh. According to I.E., this word too is a variant of the root nun, sin, alef and means to lift up.” - STRICKMAN H. N.: Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the First Book of Psalms, Chapters 1-41 Academic Studies Press, Boston, MA, 2009, 45.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 222.
GRUBER, Rashi's commentary, 185.186.; ḲIMḤI, BOKSZ, The longer commentary 27. 30.; DÜRR, L.: Zur Datierung von PS. 4, Biblica, Vol. 16, No. 3 1935, 330-338, 334.
Az apparátusban szereplő javítások az elindulás, odafordulás fogalmával nem oldják meg a hsn - afn problémáját: h['s.n") / hjen>.; The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 704. 692.; KÖNIG, Hebräisches und aramäisches Wörterbuch, 280. 274.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1089.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1094.; Biblia, 666.
GOLDINGAY, Psalms, 182.
“Anger gives Satan a foothold…” - THURSTON, B. B.: Reading Colossians, Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians: Reading the New Testament Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Macon, Georgia 2007.129.
Greek Septuagint (LXX1) Verse 16011 of 28971; Novum Testamentum Graece (New Testament in Greek) (NA28-T) Nestle-Aland, 28th Revised Edition, Edited by Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung Münster/Westfalen, Edited by Barbara and Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, Bruce M. Metzger. Copyright © 2012 by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart. Used by permission. Morphological tagging by William D. Mounce and Rex A. Koivisto Copyright © 2003 William D. Mounce. Copyright © 2013 OakTree Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Version 3.0. Verse 6143 of 7968.
“…in the OT the sunset limitation is introduced as a provision of mercy (Deut 24:15)” - BEST, E.: A critical and exegetical commentary on Ephesians T&T Clark, Edinburgh: 1998. 450.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1094.
Greek Septuagint (LXX1) Verse 16106 of 28971; Novum Testamentum Graece (New Testament in Greek) (NA28-T) Verse 7753 of 7968; „ Der Herr wird König sein (bis) in Ewigkeit und von Ewigkeit zu Ewigkeit” - ; „ő uralkodni fog örökkön-örökké”
KARRER, KRAUS, Septuaginta Deutsch, Erläuterungen II, 1522.
„und für sie wurde kein Ort gefunden” - KRAUS, W. KARRER, M: Septuaginta Deutsch, Das griechische Alte Testament in deutscher Übersetzung, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2009, 1428.; “No place was found” for the old heaven and earth, for God is creating a new heaven and a new earth (cf. 21:1).” - REDDISH, M. G.: Revelation Smyth & Helwys Pub., Macon, Ga., 2005, 387.; BEALE, G. K. CARSON, D. A.: Commentary on the New Testament use of the Old Testament Baker Academic, Baker Academic Apollos, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Nottingham, UK, 2007, 1125. 1150.; „to leave some of sth” - A Greek - English Lexicon of the Septuagint, Second Edition (LEH-2) Compiled by J. Lust, E. Eynikel, and K. Hauspie with the collaboration of G. Chamberlain. © 1992 & 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Second edition © 2003 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Used by permission. Electronic text hypertexted and prepared by OakTree Software, Inc.Version 2.5, Paragraph 15507 of 30437.
“earth and heaven,” or “heaven and earth,” which is a familiar (biblical) way of referring to the whole universe” - BRATCHER, R. G. HATTON, H: Revelation, A translator’s handbook on the Revelation to John, United Bible Societies, New York, 1993 293.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1104.
WEIL, Massorah gedolah 285.
Masora of Codex Leningrad, Paragraph 6911 of 188358; https://www.mgketer.org/mikra/1/1/1/mg/70
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 810.; Biblia, 944.; MARTENS, E. A: Jeremiah, Believers church Bible commentary, Scottdale, Pa.: Herald Press. Kitchener, Ontario 1986, 107.; CARVALHO, C.: Reading Jeremiah, a literary and theological commentary Smyth & Helwys, Macon, 2016, 47. 55.
„Does this loving relationship of man and wife serve as a symbol or comparison for the love of the youth for Wisdom? It is difficult to answer that question, but it lurks in the background.” – MURPHY, R. E.: Proverbs WBC Volume 22, Copyright © 1998 by Thomas Nelson, Inc., Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2014. 33.
. 52. 53. ,XlXw ~yXmxw twam XXw ~ypla tXmx ~a'r ~yxahw hmlah twcawxw swpdb, anlyww,ylXm Xrdm;
. k - xy, h hXrp Midrasch Mischlé, Sammlung agadischer Auslegung der Sprüche Salomonis von Salomon Buber in Lemberg, Wilna Druck v. Witwe & Gebr. RoMM. 1893, 52. 53.; WÜNSCHE, A.: Bibliotheca rabbinica , eine Sammlung alter Midraschim, Der Midrasch Mischle, das ist die allegorische Auslegung der Sprüche Salomonis, Otto Schulze, Leipzig, 1885, 15.
BEALE, CARSON, Commentary on the New Testament use of the Old Testament, 98-10; KRAUS, H.-J.: Psalmen, 1. 2. Teiband, Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament, Band XV/1, Neukirchener Verlag der Buchhandlung des Erziehungsvereins, Neukirchen Kreis Mores 1960, 1. Teiband, 184-185.
A Greek - English Lexicon of the Septuagint, Second Edition (LEH-2), Paragraph 4157 of 30437.; Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Apparatus) (BHS Apparatus) hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Accordance edition hypertexted and formatted by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 1.8. 1104.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 26.; Biblia, 42.
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 41.
STRICKMAN, Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary, 165.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1104.
MANDELKERN, Veteris Testamenti Concordantiae, 1162.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 26.; Biblia, 42.
„the power of the rising of the dawn is manifested.” - STRICKMAN, Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary, 165.
bwj rxwX Xrdm arqnh, ~ylht Xrdm, 61.62. 63.; „Psalm 22:2. This Psalmis replete with prophetic allusions to Esther and the redemption she wrought” - ZLOTOWITZ, G. GOLDWURM, H.:
ylbb dwmlt hlygm tksm [Masekhet Megilah] = Tractate Megillah : the Gemara : the classic Vilna edition, with an annotated, interpretive elucidation ... Mesorah Publications, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1991, 15b2 ; „this Psalm was uttered with reference to Esther and to Israel” - ḲIMḤI, BOKSZ, The longer commentary of R. David Ḳimḥi on the first book of Psalms, 97.; GRUBER, Rashi's commentary, 256.
Midrasch Tehillim, oder, Haggadische Erklärung der Psalmen, Erster Band, Salomon Buber, Aug. Wünsche, Sigmund Mayer, Trier, 1892, 190. 192. 197.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 53.; Biblia, 61. Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology Paragraph 957 of 23213.
Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology Paragraph 957 of 23213.; "face-to-face with God." - LIVINGSTON, G. H. COX, L. G. KINLAW, D. F. DU BOIS, L. J. FORD, J. DEASLEY, A. R. G.: Beacon Bible commentary. Volume I, Genesis through Deuteronomy Beacon Hill, Kansas City, Mo., 1969, 123.
BERG, M. YOḤAI, S. BAR ASHLAG, Y.: The Zohar by Rav Shimon bar Yochai, from the book of Avraham, with the Sulam commentary by Rav Yehuda AshlaKabbalah Centre International, [New York, NY], 2003, 794, 90. xlXyw tyXarb
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 362.; Biblia, 282.
EGERESI, L. S.: A bibliai héber nyelv tankönyve, Bibliophilia Kft, Budapest, 2010, 90.
FRENSDORFF, S.: Die Massora magna nach den ältesten Drucken mit Zuziehung alter Handschriften Massoretisches Wörterbuch oder die Massora in alphabetischer Ordnung, Verlagsbuchhandlung von Cohen& Risch, Hannover, Leipzig, 1876, 11.; KELLEY, MYNATT, CRAWFORD, The masorah, 170.; KUSTÁR, Z.: A héber Ószövetség szövege, a masszoréta szöveghagyományozás és annak megjelenítése a Biblia Hebraicában, Kálvin, Budapest, 2010, 385.; „to the meaning of !yjXp, it is well known that Pashta is the name of one of the accents. Now two such Pashtas are sometimes placed on one word, it is then called “two Pashtin,”…Now the Massorites call Pashtin some words which in a few places are pointed with Pattach, whilst in all other instances they have Segol.” - ELIJAH LEVITA, GINSBURG, C. D.: The Massoreth ha-Massoreth, being an exposition of the Massoretic notes on the Hebrew Bible, or the ancient critical apparatus of the Old Testament in Hebrew , with English Translation, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, London, 1867, 233.; A revia szerepéről többet megtudhatunk Yeivintől. - YEIVIN, I. REVELL, E. J.:Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah The Society of Biblical Literature, Masoretic Studies Scholars Press, 1980, 267-268.; „Revia takes the place of the pausal accent Atnah, the words are with Patach instead of Kametz.” - GINSBURG, C. D.: The Massorah, translated into English with a critical and exegetical commentary, Vol.4. a¾¾lXt ~ylXwry rwqm tacwx y¾¾[ Xdxm spdn Maḳor, Yerushalayim, 1971, 448.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 53.; Biblia, 32.
MANDELKERN, Veteris Testamenti Concordantiae, 1162.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1113.; Biblia, 681.
KRAUS, Psalmen, 1. 248.
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, 1719.; Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology Paragraph 15577 of 23213.;
Biblia, 680.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1219.; Biblia, 763.
„highlight the speaker’s faith in God, as opposed to the lawless and arrogant opponents, and to emphasize the speaker’s trust in God and therefore the expectation of God’s positive response.” - BERLIN, A.: Psalms 120-150, nq-kq ~ylht, The traditional Hebrew text with the JPS translation, The Jewish Publication Society, Thy University of Nebraska Press, Philadelphia, Lincoln, 2023, 118.; KRAUS, Psalmen, 2. 926.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1107.; Biblia, 677.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1122.; Biblia, 688.
lg
KRAUS, Psalmen, 1. 209. 212.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1146.
„nifal suffixed Perf” - Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology Paragraph 15867 of 23213.
„de dichter zou hier verplaatst zijn in de grote Toekomst, waarin Jahwe’s koningschap volledig zal zijn gevestigd…zijn koningschap over heel de aarde heeft aanvaard… in vs 6 en vs 9, de gedachte aan Christus’ hemelvaart zeer voor de hand.” - J. RIDDERBOS: De Psalmen II Psal 42-106, Kok, Kampen, 1958, 58.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1129.; Greek Septuagint (LXX1) Verse 16701 of 28971; Novum Testamentum Graece (New Testament in Greek) (NA28-T) Nestle-Aland Verse 7651 of 7968.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1146.; „Zo eindigt de Psalm als profetie van de heilstijd, waarin alle volken met Israël de ware God zullen vrezen en eren.” - RIDDERBOS: De Psalmen II, 179.; „When the nations witness the splendid fortunes of Israel after the Redemption, they will be imbued with awe before the Almighty for they will reason that God favored the Jewish people only because of their God-fearing behavior. The nations will conclude that they should follow Israel’s example; thus, they will join Israel in rendering homage to God” - FEUER, A. C.: ~ylht rps Tehillim, a new translation with a commentary anthologized from Talmudic, Midrashic and Rabbinic sources, Volume III Mesorah Publications, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1996, 822.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1137.; Biblia, 699.; KRAUS, Psalmen, 1. 405.
„Part. pass…opening into (communicating with)” - JASTROW, M.: A dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic literature, Luzac, London W. C., G. P. Putnam’s Sons New York1903, 1251.
Midrasch Tehillim, oder, Haggadische Erklärung der Psalmen, 319.; Xrdm arqnh, ~ylht Xrdm rxwX 100.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1193.; Biblia, 744.1240; KRAUS, Psalmen, 2. 751.; Greek Septuagint (LXX1) Verse 17885 of 28971; Novum Testamentum Graece (New Testament in Greek) (NA28-T) Nestle-Aland Verse 1022 of 7968.
„the word rAaªB.÷ which is problematic…has no patah or seghol” - KELLEY, MYNATT, CRAWFORD, The masorah, 170.
Words „yTif.f;ª” - Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology Paragraph Verse 1 of 3
„marked by the revia‘ symbol alone without the geresh” - KELLEY, MYNATT, CRAWFORD, The masorah, 170.
KELLEY, MYNATT, CRAWFORD, The masorah, 171.
Bibliográfia:
A Greek - English Lexicon of the Septuagint, Second Edition (LEH-2) Compiled by J. Lust, E. Eynikel, and K. Hauspie with the collaboration of G. Chamberlain. © 1992 & 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Second edition © 2003 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Used by permission. Electronic text hypertexted and prepared by OakTree Software, Inc.Version 2. 5.
BEALE, G. K. CARSON, D. A.: Commentary on the New Testament use of the Old Testament Baker Academic, Baker Academic Apollos, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Nottingham, UK, 2007.
BERG, M. YOḤAI, S. BAR ASHLAG, Y.: The Zohar by Rav Shimon bar Yochai, from the book of Avraham, with the Sulam commentary by Rav Yehuda AshlaKabbalah Centre International, [New York, NY], 2003.
BERLIN, A.: Psalms 120-150, nq-kq ~ylht, The traditional Hebrew text with the JPS translation, The Jewish Publication Society, Thy University of Nebraska Press, Philadelphia, Lincoln, 2023.
BEST, E.: A critical and exegetical commentary on Ephesians T&T Clark, Edinburgh: 1998.
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Apparatus) (BHS Apparatus) hg. v. Karl Elliger und Wilhelm Rudolph, fünfte, verbesserte Auflage, hg. v. Adrian Schenker © 1977 und 1997 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart Accordance edition hypertexted and formatted by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 1.8.
Biblia, Istennek az Ószövetségben és Újszövetségben adott kijelentése, magyarázó jegyzetekkel/ magyar nyelvre ford. és revideálta a Magyar Bibliatársulat Szöveggondozó Bizottsága Kálvin János Kiadó, Budapest, 2018.
BRATCHER, R. G. HATTON, H: Revelation, A translator’s handbook on the Revelation to John, United Bible Societies, New York, 1993.
CARVALHO, C.: Reading Jeremiah, a literary and theological commentary Smyth & Helwys, Macon, 2016.
DRIVER, G. R.: Hebrew notes, Vetus Testamentum, 1 no 4 Oct 1951, 241-250.
DÜRR, L.: Zur Datierung von PS. 4, Biblica, Vol. 16, No. 3 1935, 330-338.
EGERESI, L. S.: A bibliai héber nyelv tankönyve, Bibliophilia Kft, Budapest, 2010.
ELIJAH LEVITA, GINSBURG, C. D.: The Massoreth ha-Massoreth, being an exposition of the Massoretic notes on the Hebrew Bible, or the ancient critical apparatus of the Old Testament in Hebrew , with English Translation, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, London, 1867.
ELLIGER, K. RUDOLPH, W. (Eds.): Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, quae antea cooperantibus Alt, A.... ed. Kittel, R., adjuvantibus Bardtke, H.... ed., Textum masoreticum curavit Rüger, H. P., Masoram elaboravit Weil, G. E., Editio quinta emendata opera Schenker, A., Stuttgart, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997.
EVEN-SHOSHAN, A.: A new concordance of the Bible : thesaurus of the language of the Bible Hebrew and aramaic roots, words, proper names phrases and synonyms Kiryat Sefer Publishing House, Jerusalem, 1988.
FEUER, A. C.: ~ylht rps Tehillim, a new translation with a commentary anthologized from Talmudic, Midrashic and Rabbinic sources, Volume III Mesorah Publications, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1996.
FREEDMAN, D. N. BECK, A. B. SANDERS, J. A.: The Leningrad Codex, Facsimile Edition, Wm. B. Eerdmans, Brill Academic Publishers, Grand Rapids, Mich., Leiden, 1998.
FRENSDORFF, S.: Die Massora magna nach den ältesten Drucken mit Zuziehung alter Handschriften Massoretisches Wörterbuch oder die Massora in alphabetischer Ordnung, Verlagsbuchhandlung von Cohen& Risch, Hannover, Leipzig, 1876.
GINSBURG, C. D.: The Massorah, translated into English with a critical and exegetical commentary, Vol.4. a¾¾lXt ~ylXwry rwqm tacwx y¾¾[ Xdxm spdn Maḳor, Yerushalayim, 1971.
GOLDINGAY, J.: Psalm 4: ambiguity and resolution, Tyndale Bulletin, 57 no 2 2006, 161-172.
GOLDINGAY, J.: Psalms, Baker Academic, Grand Rapids, Mich., 2006.
Greek Septuagint (LXX1) Kraft/Taylor/Wheeler Septuagint Morphology Database v. 4.8 Copyright © 2012, Bernard A. Taylor and Dale M. Wheeler. All rights reserved. Septuaginta, edited by Alfred Rahlfs Editio altera by Robert Hanhart ©2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart. See the module “Accordance Module Info” for more details. Version 5. 6.
GRUBER, M. I., Rashi's commentary on Psalms Brill, Leiden, Boston, 2004.
g¾¾lrt tnX aXraww, gr[bsyz dwd lantn, !wXmX r¾b qxcy, rqy Xwryp ~[ bwj rxwX Xrdm arqnh, ~ylht Xrdm 5633, 1873.
Hebrew Masoretic Text with Andersen-Forbes Morphology (MT-AFD) The Andersen-Forbes Database, developed by Francis I. Andersen and A. Dean Forbes Copyright © 2020 by Biblical Hebrew Resources, NPC All rights reserved. Used by permission. Version 2. 2.
JASTROW, M.: A dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic literature, Luzac, London W. C., G. P. Putnam’s Sons New York 1903.
KARRER, M. KRAUS, W.: Septuaginta Deutsch, Erläuterungen und Kommentare zum griechischen Alten Testament Band II Psalmen bis Daniel, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2011.
KELLEY, P. H.; MYNATT, D. S.; CRAWFORD, T. G.; : The masorah of "Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia" : introduction and annotated glossary Grand Rapids, MI [etc.] 1998.
ḲIMḤI, D. BOKSZ, G. H.: The longer commentary of R. David Ḳimḥi on the first book of Psalms (I-X, XV-XVII, XIX, XXII, XXIV) Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, New York The Macmillan Company 1919.
KÖNIG, E.: Hebräisches und aramäisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament, Dieterich’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1936.
KRAUS, H.-J.: Psalmen, 1. 2. Teiband, Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament, Band XV/1, Neukirchener Verlag der Buchhandlung des Erziehungsvereins, Neukirchen Kreis Mores 1960.
KRAUS, W. KARRER, M: Septuaginta Deutsch, Das griechische Alte Testament in deutscher Übersetzung, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2009.
KUSTÁR, Z.: A héber Ószövetség szövege, a masszoréta szöveghagyományozás és annak megjelenítése a Biblia Hebraicában, Kálvin, Budapest, 2010.
LIVINGSTON, G. H. COX, L. G. KINLAW, D. F. DU BOIS, L. J. FORD, J. DEASLEY, A. R. G.: Beacon Bible commentary. Volume I, Genesis through Deuteronomy Beacon Hill, Kansas City, Mo., 1969.
MANDELKERN, S. :Veteris Testamenti Concordantiae Hebraicae Atque Chaldaicae, Sumptibus Schocken Hierosolymis, Tel-Aviv, 1978.
MARTENS, E. A: Jeremiah, Believers church Bible commentary, Scottdale, Pa.: Herald Press. Kitchener, Ontario 1986.
Masora Thesaurus (Masora Thesaurus) Masora of Codex Leningrad (B19a) as arranged, deciphered, and annotated by Prof. Aron Dotan with the assistance of Nurit Reich, Tel Aviv University Copyright © 2014 by Prof. Aron Dotan. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Accordance edition hypertexted and formatted by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 5. 0.
XlXw ~yXmxw twam XXw ~ypla tXmx ~a'r ~yxahw hmlah twcawxw swpdb ,anlyww ,ylXm Xrdm
Midrasch Mischlé, Sammlung agadischer Auslegung der Sprüche Salomonis von Salomon Buber in Lemberg, Wilna Druck v. Witwe & Gebr. RoMM. 1893.;
Midrasch Tehillim, oder, Haggadische Erklärung der Psalmen, Erster Band, Salomon Buber, Aug. Wünsche, Sigmund Mayer, Trier, 1892.
MURPHY, R. E.: Proverbs WBC Volume 22, Copyright © 1998 by Thomas Nelson, Inc., Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2014.
Novum Testamentum Graece (New Testament in Greek) (NA28-T) Nestle-Aland, 28th Revised Edition, Edited by Institut für Neutestamentliche Textforschung Münster/Westfalen, Edited by Barbara and Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, Bruce M. Metzger. Copyright © 2012 by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart. Used by permission. Morphological tagging by William D. Mounce and Rex A. Koivisto Copyright © 2003 William D. Mounce. Copyright © 2013 OakTree Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Version 3. 0.
PACE, S.: Daniel, Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary, Macon, Ga., 2008.
REDDISH, M. G.: Revelation Smyth & Helwys Pub., Macon, Ga., 2005.
STRICKMAN H. N.: Rabbi Abraham Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the First Book of Psalms, Chapters 1-41 Academic Studies Press, Boston, MA, 2009.
The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament by Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartnertranslated and edited under the supervision of M.E.J. Richardson © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Electronic text hypertexted and prepared by OakTree Software, Inc. Version 3. 7.
THURSTON, B. B.: Reading Colossians, Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians: Reading the New Testament Smyth & Helwys Publishing, Macon, Georgia 2007.
WEIL, G. E. : Massorah gedolah iuxta codicem leningradensem B 19 a ; Vol. I: Catalogi Romae 1971.
WÜNSCHE, A.: Bibliotheca rabbinica , eine Sammlung alter Midraschim, Der Midrasch Mischle, das ist die allegorische Auslegung der Sprüche Salomonis, Otto Schulze, Leipzig, 1885.
YEIVIN, I. REVELL, E. J.:Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah The Society of Biblical Literature, Masoretic Studies Scholars Press, 1980.
ZLOTOWITZ, G. GOLDWURM, H.: ylbb dwmlt hlygm tksm [Masekhet Megilah] = Tractate Megillah : the Gemara : the classic Vilna edition, with an annotated, interpretive elucidation ... Mesorah Publications, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1991.
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