Az ukrajnai orosz invázió hatása az Európai Bizottság szerepére a védelmi ipar és a védelempolitika területein

Kulcsszavak: védelmi ipar, Európai Bizottság, közös biztonság és védelempolitika, európaizáció, Európai Unió

Absztrakt

A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa és elemezze az Európai Bizottság növekvő szerepét a védelmi képességek fejlesztésében. Az első részben áttekintem a Bizottságeurópai védelmi politikában betöltött szerepének elméleti hátterével kapcsolatos szakirodalmat. A második részben röviden bemutatom a közös kül- és biztonságpolitika, valamint a közös biztonság- és védelempolitika területén zajló döntéshozatali folyamatokat. Az e fejleményeket alátámasztó külső tényezők tárgyalását követően az Európai Bizottság korábbi szerepét és annak változását fejtem ki a közelmúltbeli ukrajnai orosz agresszió után.

 

Hivatkozások

Besch, S. 2024. Understanding the EU’s New Defense Industrial Strategy, Online: https://carnegieendowment.org/2024/03/08/understanding-eu-s-new -defense-industrial-strategy-pub-91937

Béraud-Sudreau, L., Pannier, A. 2021. ’An ‘improbable Paris-Berlin-Commission triangle’:

usages of Europe and the revival of EU defense cooperation after 2016’, Journal of European Integration, 43 (3): 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1740215.

Brzozowski, A. 2024. EU defence commissioner proposal gains traction, EurActiv, 19. February, Online: https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/eu-defence-commissioner-proposal-gains-traction/

Chappell, L., Exadaktylos, T. Petrov, P. 2020. ’A more capable EU? Assessing the role of the EU’s institutions in defence capability development’, Journal of European Integration, 42 (4): 583–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1666115.

Cini, M. 2014. ’The European Commission after the reform’.In Magone, J. (Ed.): Routledge Handbook of European Politics. 235–247. UK: Routledge.

Cini, M. 2015. ‘Good Governance and Institutional Change: Administrative Ethics Reform in the European Commission’, Journal of Contemporary European Research, 12 (1): 440–454. https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v12i1.705.

Consilium 2004. Headline Goal 2010 approved by General Affairs and External Relations Council on 17 May2004.https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/dv/sede110705headlinegoal2010_/sede110705headlinegoal2010_en.pdf

Council of the European Union 2022. A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence - For a European Union that protects its citizens, values and interests and contributes to international peace and security. Brussels, 21 March 2022, (OR. en) 7371/22, Available at: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7371-2022-INIT/en/pdf

Egeberg, M., Gornitzka, Å., Trondal, J. 2014. ’A Not So Technocratic Executive? Everyday Interaction between the European Parliament and the Commission’, West European Politics, 37 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.832952.

European Commission (w. y.). Defence Industry and Space, Online: https://commission.europa.eu/about-european-commission/departments-and-executive-agencies/defence-industry-and-space_en (Accessed: 30 April 2024)

European Commission 2017. A European Defence Fund: 5.5 billion per year to boost Europe’s defence capabilities, 7 June 2017, Online: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_1508 (Accessed: 30 April 2024)

European Commission 2022b. Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing the European defence industry reinforcement through common Procurement Act. COM/2022/349), Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022PC0349

Euractive 2015. Juncker: NATO is not enough, EU needs an army. Online: http://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/juncker-nato-is-not-enough-eu-needs-an-army/ (Accessed: 30 April 2024)

European Commission (2017): Reflection Paper on the Future of European Defence, 7 June 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/reflection-paper-defence_en.pdf

European Commission 2023a. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of The Council on establishing the Act in Support of Ammunition Production. Brussels, 3.5.2023 COM(2023) 237 final 2023/0140(COD),Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52023PC0237

European Commission 2024a. EDIS | Our common defence industrial strategy, p. 15, Online: https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/edis-our-common-defence-industrial-strategy_en

European Commission 2024b. Statement at the European Parliament Plenary by President Ursula von der Leyen, candidate for a second mandate 2024-2029. 18 July 2024. Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations. https://neighbourhood enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/statement-european-parliament-plenary-president-ursula-von-der-leyen-candidate-second-mandate-2024-2024-07-18_en

European Commission and High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 2022a. Joint communication to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the Defence Investment Gaps Analysis and Way Forward. 18 May 2022. Online: https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2022-05/join_2022_24_2_en_act_part1_v3_1.pdf

European Council 2022. Informal meeting of the Heads of State or Government, Versailles Declaration 10 and 11 March 2022. Online: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/54773/20220311-versailles-declaration-en.pdf

European External Action Service 2016. Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy. Brussels: European External Action Service. https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf

European Union External Action (w. y.). The Diplomatic Service of the European Union, Online: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/_en

European Parliament 2013. The development of a European Defence technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB). EXPO/B/SEDE/2012/20. Online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/433838 /EXPO-SEDE_ET(2013)433838_EN.pdf

European Parliament 2019. The state of the debate on the Future of Europe European Parliament resolution of 13 February 2019 on the state of the debate on the future of Europe (2018/2094(INI)), P8_TA(2019)0098, European Parliament, Online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019 0098_EN.pdf?redirect

European Parliament 2023. European defence industry reinforcement through common procurement act (EDIRPA). EU legislation in progress, Online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2023/739294/EPRS_BRI(2023)739294_EN.pdf

European Parliament 2024. White paper on the future of European defence. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/766229/EPRS_BRI(2024)766229_EN.pdf

Farrall, S. 2021. ’Historical and Constructivist Institutionalisms’, in Farrall, S. (ed.) Building Complex Temporal Explanations of Crime. Critical Criminological Perspectives. 29–50. UK: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74830-2_3.

Fotini, B. 2020. ’The Strategic Context of the European Security and Defence Policy’.

In Voskopoulos, G. (ed.): European Union Security and Defence, Policies, Operations and Transatlantic Challenges. 25–37. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48893-2_2.

Håkansson, C. 2021. ’The European Commission’s new role in EU security and defence cooperation: the case of the European Defence Fund’. European Security, 30 (4): 589–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2021.1906229.

Håkansson, C. 2024. ‘The Ukraine war and the emergence of the European commission as a geopolitical actor’. Journal of European Integration, 46 (1): 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2023.2239998.

Haroche, P. 2020. ’Supranationalism strikes back: a neofunctionalist account of the European Defence Fund’. Journal of European Public Policy, 27 (6): 853–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1609570.

Ischinger, W. 2013. ‘Germany’s Foreign Policy Lacks Big Ideas.’, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/nov/29/german-foreign-policy-coalition-caution

Juncker, J.-C. 2016. The State of the Union 2016: Towards a Better Europe – A Europe that Protects, Empowers and Defends. September 14, 2016 Online: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_16_3042

Juncker, J-C. 2017. President Jean-Claude Juncker’s State of the Union Address 2017, 13 September 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_17_3165

Lavallée, C. 2013. ‘From the rapid reaction mechanism to the instrument for stability: The empowerment of the European commission in crisis response and conflict prevention’, Journal of Contemporary European Research, 9 (3): Special Issue, 372–389. https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v9i3.517.

Maulny, J. 2023. The impact of the war in Ukraine on the European defence market. Online: https://www.iris-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/19_ProgEuropeIndusDef_JPMaulny.pdf

Molnár, A. 2022. ’The idea of a European Security and Defence Union’. In Molnár, A., Fiott, D., Asderaki, F., Paile-Calvo, S. (eds.): Challenges of the Common Security and Defence Policy. ESDC 2nd Summer University Book. 19–36. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Molnár, A., Jakusné Harnos, É. 2023. ’The Postmodernity of the European Union: A Discourse Analysis of State of the Union Addresses’, The International Spectator, 58 (1): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2022.2149177.

Müller, P., Slominski, P., Sagmeister, W. 2023. ’Supranational Self-Empowerment Through Bricolage: The Role of the European Commission in EU Security and Defence’. Journal of Common Market Studies, 61 (6): 1672–1691. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13564.

Nováky, Niklas 2017. ‘The European Security and Defence Union: how should it look like?’,13 November 2017, https://www.vocaleurope.eu/the-european-security-and-defence-union-how-should-it-look-like/

Nugent, N., Rhinard, M. 2019. ’The ‘political’ roles of the European Commission’, Journal of European Integration, 41 (2): 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1572135.

Official Journal of the European Union 2004. Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe. Official Journal of the European Union, Volume 47, 16 December 2004, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/ALL/?uri=OJ%3AC%3A2004%3A310%3ATOC

Official Journal of the EU 2023a. Regulation (EU) 2023/1525 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 July 2023 on supporting ammunition production (ASAP), Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32023R1525&qid=1695904709752

Official Journal of the EU 2023b. Regulation (EU) 2023/2418 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 October 2023 on establishing an instrument for the reinforcement of the European defence industry through common procurement (EDIRPA), Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202302418

Radaelli, C. 1997. ’How does Europeanization produce domestic policy change? Corporate Tax Policy in Italy and the United Kingdom’. Comparative Political Studies, 30 (5): 553–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414097030005002.

Radaelli, C. M. 2004. ’Europeanisation: Solution or Problem? European Integration Online Papers 8(16), Online: https://eiop.or.at/eiop/pdf/2004-016.pdf

Sabatino, E. 2022. ‘The European defence fund: a step towards a single market for defence?’, Journal of European Integration, 44 (1): 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2021.2011264.

Schnitzl, G. 2023. EDIRPA/EDIP: Risks and opportunities of future joint procurement incentives for the European defence market. French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs, 2023 (March).Online: https://www.iris-france.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ARES-81-Policy-paper.pdf

Smith, M. E. 2012. ‘13 Developing a ‘Comprehensive Approach’ to International Security: Institutional Learning and the CSDP’. In Richardson, J. (ed.): Constructing a Policy-Making State? Policy Dynamics in the EU. 252–269. Online edn, Oxford: Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604104.003.0013

Tardy, T. 2018. ’Does European defence really matter? Fortunes and misfortunes of the Common Security and Defence Policy’. European

Security, 27 (2): 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2018.1454434.

Zeilinger, B. 2021. ’The European Commission as a Policy Entrepreneur under the European Semester’. Politics and Governance, 9 (3): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4102

Zwolski, K. 2020. ‘Diversified in unity: the agenda for the geopolitical European Commission’. Global Affairs, 6 (4–5): 519–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2020.1834427.

Megjelent
2025-04-13
Rovat
Biztonságpolitika