Defence Science

A kiterjedt szabadtéri tüzeknél és erdőtüzeknél beavatkozó állomány logisztikai támogatásának lehetőségei

Kristóf Gyula Holczer — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, I will try to present the possibilities that can contribute to effective firefighting interventions in large-scale open-air and forest fires. Due to weather changes, large-scale open-air fires will become increasingly common in our country in the future. Large-scale open-air fires pose a serious challenge not only to professional disaster management agencies, but also to allied agencies and the public. The work therefore approaches the problem from several angles: from the parceling and marking system that helps to quickly and accurately determine the location, through modern aerial reconnaissance tools, to the use of lightweight protective clothing for deployment, rest and supply solutions, and innovative specialized equipment. The goal is to formulate the applicability of ideas and specialized equipment that can contribute to reducing the physical load of the intervening personnel, shortening the intervention time, and increasing the organization of interventions. This includes, for example, the rotational rest system, the provision of isotonic protective drinks, or the use of carrier vehicles and supply containers. I propose the use of tools and specialized equipment such as the ICONOS hose, motorized backpack sprayer, quads, forest fire backpack, the integration of which into the domestic system can make logistics and thus firefighting work even more efficient. The expected results include faster and more effective intervention, increasing the safety and performance of the responding personnel. The aim of the article is to offer solutions that can be used in practice and to contribute to the development of the preparedness and response capacity of the domestic disaster management.

Practical elements of risk-based thinking in critical entities Part II.

István Angyal, Mária Anett Balogné Pruha — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The EU Directive on the Resilience of Critical Entities and the Hungarian regulations define the tasks and methodologies related to the assessment and development of the resilience of critical entities and their critical infrastructures. As a continuation of the publication “Practical Elements of Risk-Based Thinking in Critical Entities”, the authors, aim to shed light on some practical issues in preparing a resilience plan and a resilience matrix as additional methodological support. The authors also systematize the experiences, observations and recurring problem areas that arose during the 2025 application.

Employment of in-house armed security guards in the protection of critical water utility infrastructure and in the management of extraordinary events

Viktor Görög — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The employment of armed security guards - formerly known as civil armed guards and industrial guards – in the water utility sector has a long-standing tradition spanning more than seventy years; one of Hungary’s earliest established organizations of this type operates in this sector. Following an overview of the key physical protection characteristics of critical infrastructures required for water supply, the author presents the principal organizational aspects of employing armed security guards within a critical infrastructure operator. Particular emphasis is placed on the close, operational cooperation between operational control units and those responsible for supervising security systems, as well as on the potential role of armed security personnel in managing extraordinary events. The findings may also be utilized by water utility service providers for whom maintaining an armed security guard unit is not warranted, supporting the development or enhancement of effective, risk-proportionate, all-hazards-based protection measures that strengthen organizational resilience.

New perspectives on preparing the population using artificial intelligence

Tekla Varró — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The professional disaster management organization was established on January 1, 2012, through the merger of fire protection and civil protection. Its main tasks include disaster prevention, rescue in emergency situations, organizing and directing defense, as well as damage assessment and restoration. This unified organization ensures more effective and coordinated defense throughout the country. The preparation and information of the population in the field of disaster management is carried out by civil protection. The preparation of the population takes place in all three phases of defense against serious accidents, however, training becomes slightly more important during the prevention period, as a population that has been prepared before a disaster strikes is much more resilient and better prepared for the disaster in question, and responding is no longer a problem, as they immediately know what to do in a given situation. In order to ensure that the population is as well prepared as possible, I have developed a short disaster management training material that includes responses to various events and rules of conduct to be followed. The training material and accompanying illustrations are suitable for use in creating disaster management-themed flashcards. These flashcards are available to everyone, can be printed out, and can be used as coloring pages for children. In the second part, I examine the use of artificial intelligence in education and disaster management. By combining these two areas, I attempt to determine how civil protection can use artificial intelligence to prepare the population. I make recommendations regarding its use and directions for utilization. My goal in writing this article is to create disaster management-themed flashcards that can be used to provide the population with basic disaster management information and to teach them the rules of conduct to follow in relation to specific types of disasters. My further goal is to examine the possibility of using artificial intelligence and to use artificial intelligence to distribute the developed flashcards and educational materials to as many people as possible.

Current issues in external emergency planning

Árpád Győző-Molnár, András Tóth — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The measures set out in the external emergency plan guarantee the safety of the population living in the vicinity of hazardous industrial facilities, as well as the public institutions and economic organizations operating there. Last year, several significant legislative amendments entered into force, which modify the rules governing the preparation of such plans. Considering all these factors, it is advisable to examine the changes and, at the same time, review the process of external emergency planning. Accordingly, this work addresses the systems of plan preparation, exercising and revision, as well as public information and alerting. The authors’ main objective is to enable the participating organizations to become familiar with their most important tasks, through which the safety of citizens can be protected, and to formulate recommendations that, once incorporated, may make both the planning and damage control tasks more effective.

Local Governments on the Frontline: The Integrated Role of Municipalities in Climate Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management

László Mrekva — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Local governments are increasingly positioned at the frontline of climate change action, where global challenges manifest in significant local consequences. Extreme weather events, including floods, heatwaves, storms, and wildfires, disrupt municipal services and create escalating demands for enhanced disaster management capabilities. This article examines the dual role of municipalities: maintaining the continuity of critical public functions while simultaneously safeguarding communities against climate-induced risks. This analysis investigates how municipalities integrate climate adaptation and disaster management into urban planning, infrastructure investment, and community engagement, utilising established international frameworks, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and the EU Civil Protection Mechanism, along with a diverse array of case studies. Particular attention is given to local emergency planning, the protection of critical infrastructure, and the implementation of early warning systems. The findings suggest that, despite facing significant financial constraints and capacity limitations, municipalities can build resilience through the adoption of innovative technologies, the establishment of multi-level governance structures, and the promotion of participatory approaches. This paper contends that disaster management and climate adaptation should not be treated as parallel processes; rather, they should be understood as interdependent strategies within the municipal framework. Ultimately, the capacity of local governments to synthesise these dimensions will significantly influence both the sustainability of urban development and the security and well-being of citizens in an era characterised by escalating climate challenges.

The Role of Controlling in Public Finance: A Systematic Literature Review with a Disaster Management Perspective

Nándor Kovács, Zoltán Bács — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The operation of the public sector today faces increasing social, economic, and security challenges, which necessitate the strengthening of budgetary management and decision-making processes. In this environment, controlling has become a key supporting tool for effective governance and the transparent use of resources. The aim of this study is to systematically review the domestic and international literature on controlling, with particular emphasis on applications related to the central budget and public sector institutions. The thematic classification of the analyzed sources (theoretical, supporting, and practical controlling) enabled the identification of the multidisciplinary nature of controlling as well as its application trends. The analysis revealed that research is increasingly shifting toward practical implementation, while theoretical frameworks and supporting systems continue to show ongoing development.