Influence of tillage systems on short-term soil CO2 emissions
Abstract
Agricultural ecosystems can play a significant role in greenhouse gas emissions, specifically, carbon dioxide. Tillage management can increase atmospheric CO2concentrations and contribute to global warming but it is uncertain to which extent tillage enhances the transfer of soil CO2 to the atmosphere. Our objectives were (1) to determine short-term, tillage-induced soil CO2 emissions; (2) to determine the effect of different tillage systems and time after tillage operation on soil CO2emissions and soil microclimate and (3) to examine the relations between short-term soil CO2 emissions and microclimate (soil temperature, soil water content; air temperature and relative air humidity). Soil CO2 concentrations were measured on Stagnic Luvisols, in a temperate continental climate of the central lowland Croatia in October 2013 before, zero and three hours after tillage operations with in situ closed static chamber method. The four tillage systems were no-tillage (NT), ploughing to 25 cm (P25), very deep ploughing to 50 cm (P50) and subsoiling to 50 cm (PS50). The study showed that tillage has impact on soil CO2 emissions and soil microclimate. Tillage has accelerated the transfer of soil CO2 to the atmosphere but soil CO2 emissions declined sharply within three hours after tillage operations. Soil temperature has decreased after tillage operation and afterwards continued to rise while soil water content has been decreasing during whole study period. Correlations between soil CO2 emissions and microclimatic factors were mostly weak or modest while best type of studied correlations between soil CO2emissions and microclimate showed to be the second order polynomial correlation.
References
Al-Kaisi, M.M. and Yin, X. 2005. Tillage and Crop Residue Effects on Soil Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Corn-Soybean Rotations. Journal of Environmental Quality 34. 437-445. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0437
Alvaro-Fuentes, J., Cantero-Martinez, C., Lopez, M.V. and Arrue, J.L. 2007. Soil carbon dioxide fluxes following tillage in semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research 96. 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.08.003
Bilandžija, D. 2015. Emisija ugljikovog dioksida pri različitim načinima obrade tla (Carbon dioxide emissions under different soil tillage treatments). Doctoral dissertation. Zagreb.
Bilandžija, D., Zgorelec, Ž. and Kisić, I. 2013. Tillage induced CO2 emissions in relation to soil parameters. In Soil and Crop Management: Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change. Eds.: Vukadinović, V. and Đurđević, B., Osijek, Grafika d.o.o., 201-208.
Bilandžija, D., Zgorelec, Ž. and Kisić, I. 2014. The Influence of Agroclimatic Factors on Soil CO2 Emissions. Collegium Antropologicum 38. 77-83.
Bilandžija, D., Zgorelec, Ž. and Kisić, I. 2016. Influence of Tillage Practices and Crop Type on Soil CO2 Emissions. Sustainability 8. (1): 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010090
Bilen, S., Celik, A. and Altikat, S. 2010. Effects of strip and full-width tillage on soil carbon IV oxide-carbon (CO2-C) fluxes and on bacterial and fungal populations in sunflower. African Journal ofBiotechnology 9. (38): 6312-6319.
Ellert, B.H. and Janzen, H.H. 1999. Short-term influence of tillage on CO2 fluxes from a semi-arid soil on the Canadian prairies. Soil and Tillage Research 50. 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00188-3
Gebhart, D.L., Johnson, H.B., Mayeux, H.S. and Polley, H.W. 1994. The CRP increases soil organic carbon. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 49. 488-492.
Gregorich, E.G., Rochette, P., van den Bygaart, A.J. and Angers, D.A. 2005. Greenhouse gas contributions of agricultural soils and potential mitigation practices in Eastern Canada. Soil and Tillage Research 83. 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.02.009
IUSS 2014. Working Group World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. World Soil Resources Report 2015, Rome, FAO.
Jabro, J.D., Sainju, U., Stevens, W.B. and Evans, R.G. 2008. Carbon dioxide flux as affected by tillage and irrigation in soil converted from perennial forages to annual crops. Journal of Environmental Management 88. 1478-1484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.012
Kessavalou, A., Mosier, A.R., Doran, J.W., Drijber, R.A., Lyon, D.J. and Heinemeyer, O. 1998. Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane in Grass Sod and Winter Wheat-Fallow Tillage Management. Journal of Environmental Quality 27. 1094-1104. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700050015x
Lampurlanes, J., Angas, P. and Cantero-Martinez, C. 2001. Root growth, soil water content, and yield of barley under different tillage systems on two soils in semiarid conditions. Field Crops Research 69. 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00130-1
Li, C., Kou, Z., Yang, J., Cai, M., Wang, J. and Cao, C. 2010. Soil CO2 fluxes from direct seeding rice fields under two tillage practices in central China. Atmospheric Environment 44. 2696-2704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.045
NIR 2016. National Inventory Report. Croatian greenhouse gas inventory for the period 1990-2014. Zagreb, Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature.
Omonode, R.A., Vyn, T.J., Smith, D.R., Hegymegi, P. and Gal, A. 2007. Soil carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from long-term tillage systems in continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. Soil and Tillage Research 95. 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.12.004
Prior, S.A., Raper, R.L. and Runion, G.B. 2004. Effect of implement on soil CO2 efflux: fall vs. spring tillage. Transactions of the ASAE 47. 367- 373. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.16030
Reicosky, D.C. 1997. Tillage methods and carbon dioxide loss: fall versus spring tillage. In Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil. Eds.: Lal, R., Kimble, J. and Follet, R., Boca Raton, FL, USA, CRC Press, 99-111.
Reicosky, D.C. and Lindstrom, M.J. 1993. Fall tillage method: Effect on short-term carbon dioxide flux from soil. Agronomy Journal 85. (6): 1237-1243. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500060027x
Reicosky, D.C., Dugas, W.A. and Torbert, H.A. 1997. Tillage-induced soil carbon dioxide loss from different cropping systems. Soil and Tillage Research 41. 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01080-X
Reicosky, D.C., Kemper, W.D., Langdale, G.W., Douglas, C.L. Jr. and Rasmussen, P.E. 1995. Soil organic matter changes resulting from tillage and biomass production. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 50. (1): 253-261.
SAS 2002-2004. SAS 9.1.3. Help and Documentation. Cary, NC, USA, SAS Institute.
Tóth, T., Fórizs, I. and Kuti, L. 2005. Data on the elements of carbon cycle in a Solonetz and Solonchak soil. Cereal Research Communications 33. 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.33.2005.1.32
Vasilj, Đ. 2000. Biometrika i eksperimentiranje u bilinogojstvu. Zagreb, Hrvatsko agronomsko društvo.
Widén, B. and Lindroth, A. 2003. A calibration system for soil carbon dioxide - efflux measurement chambers: description and application. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67. 327-334. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.3270
Copyright (c) 2017 Darija Bilandžija, Željka Zgorelec, Ivica Kisić
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
