Suburbs around the Czech provincial city of České Budějovice – territorial arrangement and problems
Abstract
The article is a contribution to discussions about the territorial arrangement of suburbs, their types and other settlements in suburban zones around post-socialist CEE provincial cities, based on the example of the South Bohemian “one-hundred-thousand” city of České Budějovice, including territorial development problems of suburbs and other settlements. Suburbs, separated from the city by free space, originate there from the original villages. These suburbs are population-growing settlements with the majority of flats in newer houses, immigrants from the city and economically active people working in the city (based on census data and ongoing registrations). Nearby, moderately distant and more distant suburbs occur in three concentric suburban sub-zones around the examined city, in which the population and spatial size of the suburbs gradually diminish. Semi-suburbs with partial suburbanisation and small towns also occur there. The territorial development problems of some suburbs are mainly associated with the disordered (sub)urban sprawl, the inadequate architecture of new houses, the poor quality and capacity of the technical infrastructure, the lack of public transport connections to the city, the absence and low capacity of kindergartens and elementary schools, clashes with recreational second homes, the lack of greenery and the losses of agricultural land.
References
Baccaini, B. 1997. Types and causes of recent growth in the suburban districts of Ile-de-France. Population 52. (2): 291–325.
Bertaud, A. and Renaud, B.M. 1997. Socialist cities without land markets. Journal of Urban Economics 41. (1): 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1006/juec.1996.1097
Bontje, M. 2005. Facing the challenge of shrinking citiesin East Germany: The case of Leipzig. GeoJournal 61. (1): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-005-0843-2
Bontje, M. and Burdack, J. 2005. Edge cities, European-style: examples from Paris and the Randstad. Cities 22. (4): 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.01.007
Borén, T. and Gentile, M. 2007. Metropolitan processes in post-communist states: an introduction. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89. (2): 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2007.00242.x
Bourne, L.S. 1996. Reinventing the suburbs: Old myths and new realities. Progress in Planning 46. (3): 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-9006(96)88868-4
Brade, I., Smigiel, C. and Kovács, Z. 2009. Suburban residential development in post-socialist urban regions: The case of Moscow, Sofia, and Budapest. In German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2009. Ed.: Kilper, H., Berlin–Heidelberg, Springer, 79–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03402-2_7
Brown, D.L. and Schafft, K.A. 2002. Population de-concentration in Hungary during the postsocialist transformation. Journal of Rural Studies 18. (3): 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(01)00046-8
Brown, M.A. 1981. A typology of suburbs and its public policy implications. Urban Geography 2. (4): 288–310. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.2.4.288
Czaková, G. 2009. Development and formation suburban hinterland of the city of Nitra. Geographia Cassoviensis 3. (2): 34–42.
Davis, J.S., Nelson, A.C. and Dueker, K.J. 1994. The new burbs: the exurbs and their implications for planning policy. Journal of the American Planning Association 60. (1): 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369408975551
Dinić, M. and Mitković, P. 2016. Suburban design: from "bedroom communities" to sustainable neighbourhoods. Geodetski Vestnik 60. (1): 98–113. https://doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2016.01.98-113
Garreau, J. 1992. Edge city: Life on the New Frontier. New York, Anchor Books.
Grigorescu, I., Mitrică, B., Kucsicsa, G., Popovici, E.A., Dumitrascu, M. and Cuculici, R. 2012. Postcommunist land use changes related to urban sprawl in the Romanian metropolitan areas. Human Geographies-Journal of Studies & Research in Human Geography 6. (1): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2012.61.35
Haase, A. and Rink, D. 2015. Inner-city transformation between re-urbanisation and gentrification: Leipzig, eastern Germany. Geografie 120. (2): 226–250.
Haase, D. and Nuissl, H. 2007. Does urban sprawl drive changes in the water balance and policy?: The case of Leipzig (Germany) 1870–2003. Landscape and Urban Planning 80. (1–2): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.03.011
Halás, M., Roubínek, P. and Kladivo, P. 2012. Urban and suburban space of the city of Olomouc: theoretical approaches, definition, typology. Geografický časopis/Geographical Journal 64. (4): 289–310.
Hall, M. and Lee, B. 2010. How diverse are US suburbs? Urban Studies 47. (1): 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009346862
Halleux, J.M., Marcińczak, S. and van der Krabben, E. 2012. The adaptive efficiency of land use planning measured by the control of urban sprawl. The cases of the Netherlands, Belgium and Poland. Land Use Policy 29. (4): 887–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.01.008
Hanlon, B. 2009. A typology of inner‐ring suburbs: Class, race, and ethnicity in US Suburbia. City & Community 8. (3): 221–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01287.x
Hardi, T. 2002. Szuburbanizációs jelenségek Győr környékén (Suburbanisation phenomena around city of Győr). Tér és Társadalom 16. (3): 57–83.
Hirt, S. 2007. Suburbanizing Sofia: Characteristics of post-socialist peri-urban change. Urban Geography 28. (8): 755–780. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.28.8.755
Kährik, A. and Tammaru, T. 2008. Population composition in new suburban settlements of the Tallinn metropolitan area. Urban Studies 45. (5–6): 1055–1078 https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008089853
Kára, J. and Kučera, T. 1986. Migrační bilance obcí v zázemí velkých měst (Migration balance of municipalities in the hinterlands of large Czech cities). In Nové tendence ve vývoji osídlení Československa, Ed.: Ryšavý, T., Prague, Československá demografická společnost, 135–143.
Kladivo, P., Roubínek, P., Opravil, Z. and Nesvadbová, M. 2015. Suburbanization and local governance-positive and negative forms: Olomouc case study. Bulletin of Geography. Socioeconomic Series 27. (27): 95–107.
Kok, H. and Kovács, Z. 1999. The process of suburbanisation in the agglomeration of Budapest. Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 14. (2): 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02496818
Kroll, F., Müller, F., Haase, D. and Fohrer, N. 2012. Rural-urban gradient analysis of ecosystem service supply and demand dynamics. Land Use Policy 29. (3): 521–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.07.008
Kubeš, J. (ed.) 2009. Urbánní geografie Českých Budějovic a Českobudějovické aglomerace I. (Urban Geography of the city of České Budějovice and the Agglomeration of České Budějovice I). Banská Bystrica, Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici.
Kubeš, J. 2015a. Analysis of regulation of residential suburbanisation in hinterland of post-socialist 'one hundred thousands' city of České Budějovice. Bulletin of Geography, Socio-economic Series 27. (27): 109–131.
Kubeš, J. 2015b. Suburbia a typy suburbií v zázemí většího města – Českých Budějovic (Suburbs and types of suburbs in the hinterland of a larger town – the town of České Budějovice). Regionální rozvoj mezi teorií a praxí 2015. (2): 1–10.
Leetmaa, K. and Tammaru, T. 2007. Suburbanization in countries in transition: destination of suburubanizers in the Tallinn Metropolitan Area. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89. (2): 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2007.00244.x
Leetmaa, K., Brade, I., Anniste, K. and Nuga, M. 2012. Socialist summer-home settlements in post-socialist suburbanisation. Urban Studies 49. (1): 3–21. Logan, J.R. and Golden, R.M. 1986. Suburbs and satellites: Two decades of change. American Sociological Review 51. (3): 430–437.
Makhrova, A.G., Nefedova, T.G. and Pallot, J. 2016. The specifics and spatial structure of circular migration in Russia. Eurasian Geography and Economics 57. (6): 802–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2016.1274663
Mantey, D. and Sudra, P. 2018. Types of suburbs in post-socialist Poland and their potential for creating public spaces. Cities (in press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.11.001
Marcińczak, S. 2012. The evolution of spatial patterns of residential segregation in Central Europeancities: The Łódź Functional Urban Region from mature socialism to mature post-socialism. Cities 29. (5): 300–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.08.008
Matlovič, R. and Sedláková, A. 2007. The impact of suburbanization in the hinterland of Prešov (Slovakia). Moravian Geographical Reports 15. (2): 22–31.
Mikelbank, B.A. 2004. A typology of U.S. suburban places. Housing Policy Debate 15. (4): 935–964. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2004.9521527
Montagné Villette, S. and Hardill, I. 2007. Spatial peripheries, social peripheries: reflections on the "suburbs" of Paris. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 27. (2): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443330710722751
Motte-Baumvol, B., Massot, M.H. and Byrd, A.M. 2010. Escaping car dependence in the outer suburbs of Paris. Urban Studies 47. (3): 604–619. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009349773
Musil, J. and Ryšavý, Z. 1983. Urban and regional processes under capitalism and socialism: a case study from Czechoslovakia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 7. (4): 495–527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1983.tb00404.x
Novotný, L. 2012. Migrácia a prirodzený pohyb ako komponenty rastu obyvateľstva vo funkčnom mestskom regióne Košice (Migration and natural movement of the population as a component of population growth in the functional city region of Košice). Geographia Cassoviensis 4. (2): 152–164.
Nuga, M., Metspalu, P. and Leetmaa, K. 2015. Planning post-summurbia: from pragmatism to collaboration? Moravian Geographical Reports 23. (4): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2015-0023
Nuissl, N. and Rink, D. 2005. The 'production' of urban sprawl in east Germany as a phenomenon of post-socialist transformation. Cities 22. (2): 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.01.002
Orfield, M. 2002. American Metropolitics: The new suburban reality. Washington, Brookings Institution Press.
Ott, T. 2001. From concentration to de-concentration – migration patterns in the post-socialist city. Cities 18. (6): 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(01)00032-4
Ouředníček, M. 2003. The suburbanisation of Prague. Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review 39. (2): 235–253.
Ouředníček, M. 2007. Differential suburban development in the Prague urban region. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 89. (2): 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2007.00243.x
Palang, H. and Peil, T. 2010. Mapping future through the study of the past and present: Estonian suburbia. Futures 42. (7): 700–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2010.04.007
Petrova, S., Posová, D., House, A. and Sýkora, L. 2013. Discursive framings of low carbon urban transitions: the contested geographies of 'satellite settlements' in the Czech Republic. Urban Studies 50. (7): 1439–1455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013480964
Repaská, G., Vilinová, K. and Šolcová, L. 2017. Trends in development of residential areas in suburban zone of the city of Nitra (Slovakia). European Countryside 9. (2): 287–301. https://doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0018
Roose, A., Kull, A., Gauk, M. and Tali, T. 2013. Land use policy shocks in the post-communist urban fringe: A case study of Estonia. Land Use Policy 30. (1): 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.02.008
Špačková, P., Ouředníček, M. and Novák, J. 2016. Zóny rezidenční suburbanizace 2013 (Zones of residential suburbanisation 2013). In atlasobyvatelstva.cz, Eds.: URRlab team, Prague, Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague.
Spilková, J. and Perlín, R. 2010. Czech physical planning at the crossroads: towards the regulation of large-scale retail developments? Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 28. (2): 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1068/c08116
Spilková, J. and Šefrna, L. 2010. Uncoordinated new retail development and its impact on land use and soils: a pilot study on the urban fringe of Prague, Czech Republic. Landscape and Urban Planning 94. (2): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.09.001
Stanilov, K. and Sýkora, L. 2012. Planning, markets, and patterns of residential growth in metropolitan Prague. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 29. (4): 278–291.
Šveda, M., Madajová, M. and Podolák, P. 2016. Behind the differentiation of suburban development in the hinterland of Bratislava, Slovakia. Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review 52. (6): 893–925. https://doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2016.52.6.290
Sýkora, L. and Ouředníček, M. 2007. Sprawling post-communist metropolis: commercial and residential suburbanisation in Prague and Brno, the Czech Republic. In Employment de-concentration in European Metropolitan Areas: market forces versus planning regulations, Eds.: Razin, E., Dijst, M. and Vázquez, C., Dordrecht, Springer, 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5762-5_8
Sýkora, L. and Stanilov, K. 2014. The challenge of post-socialist suburbanization. In Confronting Suburbanisation: Urban Decentralization in Post- Socialist Central and Eastern Europe, Eds.: Stanilov, K. and Sýkora, L., Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell, 1–32.
Szczepańska, A. and Senetra, A. 2012. Migrations of city dwellers to suburban areas – the example of the city of Olsztyn. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 18. 117–124.
Szelényi, I. 1983. Urban inequalities under state socialism. New York, Oxford University Press.
Tammaru, T. 2001. Suburban growth and suburbanisation under central planning: The case of Soviet Estonia. Urban Studies, 38. (8): 1341–1357. DOI: Tammaru, T. 2005. Suburbanisation, employment change, and commuting in the Tallinn metropolitan area. Environment and Planning A 37. (9): 1669–1687. https://doi.org/10.1068/a37118
Tammaru, T., Leetmaa, K., Silm, S. and Ahas, R. 2009. Temporal and spatial dynamics of the new residential areas around Tallinn. European Planning Studies 17. (3): 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310802618077
Tanaś, J. 2013. Differentiation of suburbanization processes in Poznań agglomeration. International Journal of Academic Research 5. (3): 369–366. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-3/B.54
Vágner, J., Müller, D.K. and Fialová, D. 2011. Second home tourism in light of the historical-political and socio-geographical development of Czechia and Sweden. Geografie 116. (2): 191–210.
Vaughan, L., Griffiths, S., Haklay, M. and Jones, C.K.E. 2009. Do the suburbs exist? Discovering complexity and specificity in suburban built form. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 34. (4): 475–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00358.x
Vobecká, J. and Piguet, V. 2012. Fertility, natural growth, and migration in the Czech Republic: an urban-suburban-rural gradient analysis of long‐term trends and recent reversals. Population, Space and Place 18. (3): 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.698
Wolny, A. and Źróbek, R. 2017. The interdependence between suburban enclaves and the road network in the development process: A case study in Poland. Geographia Polonica 90. (2): 41–57. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0086
Zębik, G. 2011. Typology of suburban communities in Poland. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic series 16. 173–188. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0021-x
Copyright (c) 2019 Jan Kubeš, Aleš Nováček
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
