The rise of film production locations and specialised film services in European semi-peripheries
Abstract
The research on a creative economy has been gaining momentum globally in the recent years, but the associated concepts such as the cultural economy, the creative class, creative cities and so on, have typically been urban or national in orientation. There is evidence showing that many important developments in creative industries take place now in almost all parts of the globe. One of the creative industries which may serve as a vivid example of the complex interplay between the global core and the local periphery is film industry. The paper aims to discuss rise of film production locations and specialised film services in European global semiperipheries. Globalisation of film industry involves the expansion of production away from the established and globally recognised centres, such as Hollywood or Western Europe. While some researchers refer to this development as a ‘runaway production’, this paper examines it through a broader look to core-periphery relations and points out their implications and consequences from the perspective of European countries (with a focus on post-socialist countries of East Central Europe).
References
Alcácer, J. 2006. Location choices across the value chain: How activity and capability influence collocation. Management Science 52. (10): 1457–1471. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0658
Bakhshi, H. and McVittie, E. 2009. Creative supply-chain linkages and innovation: Do the creative industries stimulate business innovation in the wider economy? Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 11. (2): 169–189. https://doi.org/10.5172/impp.11.2.169
Brecknock, R. 2004. Creative capital: Creative industries in the "creative city". Brecknock Consulting, PLI.
Chapain, C. and Stryjakiewicz, T. eds. 2017. Creative industries in Europe: Drivers of new sectoral and spatial dynamics. Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56497-5
Christopherson, S. 2006. Behind the scenes: How transnational firms are constructing a new international division of labor in media work. Geoforum 37. (5): 739–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.01.003
Christopherson, S. 2013. Hollywood in decline? US film and television producers beyond the era of fiscal crisis. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 6. (1): 141–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rss024
Coe, N.M. 2015. Global production networks in the creative industries. In The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries. Eds.: Jones, C., Lorenzen, M. and Sapsed, J., Oxford, Oxford University Press, 486–501.
Coe, N.M. and Yeung, H.W-C. 2015. Global production networks: Theorizing economic development in an interconnected world. Oxford, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703907.001.0001
Curtin, M. 2003. Media capital: Towards the study of spatial flows. International Journal of Cultural Studies 6. (2): 202–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/13678779030062004
Curtin, M. 2007. Playing to the world's biggest audience: The globalisation of Chinese film and TV. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Curtin, M. 2015. Chinese cinema cities: From the margins to the middle kingdom. In Mediated geographies and geographies of media. Eds.: Mains, S.P., Cupples, J. and Lukinbeal, C., Dordrecht, Springer, 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9969-0_6
Dahlström, M. and Hermelin, B. 2007. Creative industries, spatiality and flexibility: The example of film production. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 61.(3): 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291950701553863
Dicken, P. 2015. Global shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy. 7th edition. London, Sage.
Doyle, G. 2002. Understanding media economics. London, Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446279960
Egedy, T. and Kovács, Z. 2009. The capacity and potentials of Budapest to attract creative economy. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 58. (4): 281–294.
Elmer, G. and Gasher, M. 2005. Contracting out Hollywood: Runaway productions and foreign location shooting. Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield. European Commission 2013. Communication from the Commission on State aid for films and other audiovisual works. Official Journal of the European Union C 332/1.
Falkheimer, J. and Jansson, A. eds. 2006. Geographies of communication: The spatial turn in media studies. Göteborg, Nordicom–Göteborg University.
Finney, A. 1996. The state of European cinema: A new dose of reality. London, Bloomsbury Academic.
Finney, A. 2010. The international film business: A market guide beyond Hollywood. London, Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203851142
Flew, T. 2013. Global creative industries. Cambridge, Polity Press.
Gasher, M. 2002. Hollywood North: The feature film industry in British Columbia. Vancouver, UBC Press.
Goldsmith, B. and O'Regan, T. 2005. The film studio: Film production in the global economy. Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield.
Hearn, G., Roodhouse, S. and Blakey, J. 2007. From value chain to value creating ecology. International Journal of Cultural Policy 13. (4): 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630701683367
Jäckel, A. 2003. European film industries. London, British Film Institute.
Johnson-Yale, C. 2008. "So-called runaway film production": Countering Hollywood's outsourcing narrative in the Canadian press. Critical Studies in Media Communication 25. (2): 113–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295030802032259
Kanzler, M., Newman-Baudais, S. and Lange, A. 2008. The circulation of European co-produtions and entirely national films in Europe 2001 to 2007. Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory.
Karlsson, C. and Picard, R.G. eds. 2011. Media clusters: Spatial agglomeration and content capabilities. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857932693
Katsarova, I. 2014a. An overview of Europe's film industry. Retrieved 10.06.2018
Katsarova, I. 2014b. Supporting the European film industry. Retrieved 10.06.2018
Kehoe, K. and Mateer, J. 2015. The impact of digital technology on the distribution value chain model of independent feature films in the UK. International Journal on Media Management 17. (2): 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2015.1055533
Kerr, A. 2006. The business and culture of digital games: Gamework/gameplay. London, Sage.
Lampel, J. and Germain, O. 2016. Creative industries as hubs of new organizational and business practices. Journal of Business Research 69. (7): 2327–2333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.001
Levy, D.L. 2008. Political contestation in global production networks. The Academy of Management Review 33. (4): 943–963. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.34422006
Lukinbeal, C. 2006. Runaway Hollywood: Cold Mountain, Romania. Erdkunde 60. (4): 337–345. https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2006.04.04
Luther, W. 2010. Movie production incentives: Blockbuster support for lackluster policy. Special Report No. 173. Washington, Tax Foundation.
Meisel, J.B. and Sullivan, T.S. 2002. The impact of the Internet on the law and economics of the music industry. Info 4. (2): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/14636690210435767
Meloni, G., Paolini, D. and Pulina, M. 2015. The great beauty: Public subsidies in the Italian movie industry. Working Paper CRENoS, 2015/07, Centre for North South Economic Research, Cagliari, University of Cagliari and Sassari.
Mirrlees, T. 2013. Global entertainment media: Between cultural imperialism and cultural globalisation. Oxon, Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203122747
Moran, A. ed. 1996. Film policy: International, national and regional perspectives. London, Routledge.
Morawetz, N., Hardy, J., Haslam, C. and Randle, K. 2007. Finance, policy and industrial dynamics. The rise of co-productions in the film industry. Industry and Innovation 14. (4): 421–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662710701524072
Mudambi, R. 2008. Location, control and innovation in knowledge-intensive industries. Journal of Economic Geography 8. (5): 699–725. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn024
Musterd, S. and Kovács, Z. eds. 2013. Placemaking and policies for competitive cities. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118554579
NRC 1995. Keeping the U.S. computer and communications industry competitive: Convergence of computing, communications, and entertainment. ,Washington D.C., National Research Council; Computer Science and Telecommunications Board.
OECD 2008. Remaking the movies: Digital content and the evolution of the film and video industries. Paris, OECD.
Olsberg, J. and Barnes, A. 2014. Impact analysis of fiscal incentive schemes supporting film and audiovisual production in Europe. Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory. Portuges, C. and Hames, P. eds. 2013. Cinemas in transition in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989. Philadelphia, Temple University Press.
Power, D. 2011. Priority sector report: Creative and cultural industries. Luxembourg, European Commission.
PWC 2011. Digital transformation of creative media industries: Opportunities for success and challenges. Toronto, Pricewaterhouse Coopers.
Rumpel, P., Slach, O. and Koutský, J. 2010. Creative industries in spatial perspective in the old industrial Moravian-Silesian Region. Ekonomie a Management 4. 30–46.
Santagata, W. 2010. The culture factory: Creativity and the production of culture. Berlin–Heidelberg, Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13358-9
Scott, A.J. and Pope, N.E. 2007. Hollywood, Vancouver, and the world: Employment relocation and the emergence of satellite production centers in the motion-picture industry. Environment and Planning A 39. (6): 1364–1381. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38215
Sinclair, J., Jacka, E. and Cunningham, S. 1996. Peripheral vision. In New patterns in global television: Peripheral vision. Eds.: Sinclair, J., Jacka, E. and Cunningham, S., Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1–32.
Slach, O., Koutský, J., Novotný, J. and Ženka, J. 2013. Creative industries in the Czech Republic: A spatial perspective. Ekonomie a Management 16. (4): 14–29.
Stachowiak, K. 2017. Gospodarka kreatywna i mechanizmy jej funkcjonowania. Perspektywa geograficzno-ekonomiczna (Creative economy and mechanisms of its functioning. An economic geography perspective). Poznań, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
Stachowiak, K. 2018. Geografia ekonomiczna filmu (Economic geography of the film industry). Poznań, Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Stryjakiewicz, T. and Męczyński, M. 2010. Creative urban processes in post-communist metropolises: The case of the Poznan metropolitan region. International Journal of Sustainable Development 13. (1–2): 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2010.035100
Stryjakiewicz, T., Gritsai, O., Dainov, E. and Egedy, T. 2013. Addressing the legacy of post-socialist cities in East Central Europe. In Place-making and policies for competitive cities. Eds.: Musterd, S. and Kovács, Z., Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118554579.ch6
Stryjakiewicz, T., Męczyński, M. and Stachowiak, K. 2014. Role of creative industries in the postsocialist urban transformation. Quaestiones Geographicae 33. (2): 19–35. https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2014-0013
Švob-Đokić, N. ed. 2005. The emerging creative industries in Southeastern Europe. Zagreb, Institute for International Relations. UNDP, UNESCO 2013. Creative economy report 2013. Special edition: Widening local development pathways. New York, United Nations Development Programme, UN. UNDP/UNCTAD 2010. Creative economy. Report 2010. Geneva–New York, UNDP, UNCTAD. Visser, G. 2014. The film industry and South African urban change. Urban Forum 25. (1): 13–34.
Walls, W.D. and McKenzie, J. 2012. The changing role of Hollywood in the global movie market. Journal of Media Economics 25. (4): 198–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2012.729544
Walmsley, B. ed. 2011. Key issues in the arts and entertainment industry. Oxford, Goodfellow Publishers.
Wasko, J. and Erickson, M. eds. 2008. Crossborder cultural production: Economic runaway or globalisation? Amherst, Cambria Press.
World Film Market Trends 2008, 2013, 2017. European Audiovisual Observatory, Cannes, Marché du film.
Copyright (c) 2018 Krzysztof Stachowiak, Tadeusz Stryjakiewicz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.