Hungarian Journal of Dentistry

The human resource aspect of the emergence of artificial intelligence in the field of orthodontics

Ádám — 2025-08-05

Orthodontics is a special field of dentistry. Altough in Hungary after the graduation dentists can work almost with full
competence, orthodontics requires a special knowledge. Without this knowledge dentists should not be allowed to perform
orthodontic treatments. This knowledge is not acquired in few days long courses – taking part in the 3-years long
specialty training would be important. With the spread of using artificial intelligence and splint therapy numerous general
dentists started orthodontics therapy, without special knowledge and orthodontics specialty exam. Artificial intelligence,
to a certain extent, compensates for the dentist’s knowledge gaps, but it cannot replace the knowlidge and experience
the dentist can collect during the 3 years long orthodontics specialty training.

The secret of a perfect smile: artificial intelligence vs manual design

Lili Júlia Bokor — 2025-08-05

Introduction: Smile design is an emerging area of dentistry, that has gained significant popularity in the field of aesthetic
dentistry today. In addition to the initial methods based on manual facial aesthetic evaluation, new software solutions
have been introduced, incorporating artificial intelligence to shorten and simplify the smile design process.
Objective: The aim of this thesis was to compare the aesthetic outcomes of “manual” smile designs based on facial
aesthetic evaluations, with the ones created by using artificial intelligence-assisted tools.
Materials and Methods: In our study, smile designs were created for ten volunteer patients by four dental students.
First step was the documentation according to the DSD (Digital Smile Design) protocol following by the evaluation of
facial aesthetic parameters using the 10-step DSD “smile frame” protocol. After the evaluation, manual smile designs
were created using the Trios Smile Design software, while artificial intelligence-assisted designs were generated with
the SmileFy software.
20 dentists (including 5 prosthodontists, 5 dento-alveolar surgeons, 5 orthodontists and 5 specialists in conservative
dentistry and prosthodontics), 20 dental students, and 20 laypeople were asked to select the smile design they found
more aesthetically pleasing and realistic for each patient.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that the manual method was more likely preferred. This highlights the fact, while
artificial intelligence significantly facilitates and accelerates the design process, it has not yet reached a level of sophistication
capable of entirely replacing the manual design process, which is based on individual and subjective parameters,
but with further refinements, it could bring significant innovations to the field of aesthetic dentistry in the future.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a metal-allergic patient using polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

Fanni Andrea Dr. Puskás — 2025-08-05

A female patient with a metal allergy visited our clinic for the purpose of receiving a dental prosthesis. In her case, we
planned a complete maxillary denture made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for her edentulous upper jaw. For her
subtotal mandibular edentulism, we designed a telescopic overdenture consisting of primary telescopes made of Y-ZrO2
ceramic and secondary telescopic caps and framework milled from a single block of PEEK polymer.
In the case of telescopic anchorage systems, in addition to the traditionally recommended materials such as noble metal
and CoCr alloys, these alternative materials, combined with digital technological solutions, provide adequate retention
during denture use.

Healing of intrabony defects following treatment with open flap debridement (OFD) or platelet rich gel (OFD + PRG)

Florina Johanna Dr. Németh — 2025-08-05

The aim of this case presentation was to clinically evaluate the results following the treatment of intrabony defects using
either autologous platelet-rich gel (PRG) or open flap debridement (OFD). The main goal of the comprehensive periodontal
treatment is to eliminate inflammation and to prevent further destruction of the periodontium, as well as to achieve
sustainable condition in the long-term. Regenerative techniques, such as PRG application, have gained attention for
their potential to enhance periodontal healing by promoting tissue regeneration and reducing probing depth (PD). This
case series includes five selected cases from a larger controlled clinical trial involving 28 non-smoking patients with intrabony
defects.
These patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either PRG or OFD. The primary clinical parameters
assessed were probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), measured at baseline and one year postoperatively.
The surgical procedure involved full-thickness flap elevation, thorough defect curettage, scaling, and root planing
to remove granulation tissue and bacterial deposits. PRG was prepared in a multi-step process: first, platelet-rich plasma
(PRP) was obtained from the patient’s own blood, followed by the addition of calcium gluconate and fresh venous
blood, which triggered the formation of PRG. In the experimental group (n = 3), the intrabony defects were filled with
PRG, whereas in the control group (n = 2), defects were treated using OFD alone. The surgical sites were then sutured
and allowed to heal. After one year, clinical evaluations demonstrated improvements in PD reduction and CAL gain in all
five cases. However, the PRG-treated sites showed superior outcomes compared to OFD alone, suggesting that PRG
may enhance periodontal regeneration. The present study using PRG seems to open new horizons in the investigation
of the effects of platelet-concentrates on periodontal healing.

Optical Characterization of Dental Restorative Materials

Emese Dr. Ábrám — 2025-08-05

Introduction: The esthetic quality of dental restorations is determined by the optical properties of materials, particularly
translucency and opacity. Achieving a natural appearance requires a comprehensive understanding of light interaction
mechanisms, including absorption, reflection, and transmission. Advances in material science focus on optimizing these
properties to enhance the seamless integration of restorative materials with natural dentition.
Objective: This review evaluates measurement methods for assessing translucency and opacity in dental materials,
including the Kubelka–Munk theory, contrast ratio (CR), and spectral transmittance and reflectance analyses. Understanding
these techniques is essential for selecting materials that enhance the optical harmony of restorations with natural
teeth, ultimately improving esthetic outcomes in clinical practice.
Materials and Methods: The Contrast Ratio (CR) and Translucency Parameter (TP) are key quantitative indicators of
the optical properties of dental materials. CR quantifies the masking ability of a material by comparing its luminous reflectance
on black and white backgrounds. TP, in contrast, evaluates the light transmission properties of a material based
on color differences measured in the CIE color space between black and white backings. These metrics are essential for
predicting the clinical appearance of restorative materials under varying lighting conditions.
Conclusion: The combined application of these measurement methods allows a more comprehensive and precise
evaluation of the optical properties of dental materials. By integrating multiple analytical approaches, a deeper understanding
of translucency and opacity can be achieved, facilitating informed material selection and optimizing the esthetic
performance of dental restorations.