Földrajzi Közlemények

A TÁJ- ÉS KÖRNYEZETFÖLDRAJZI KUTATÁSOK TÖRTÉNETE MAGYARORSZÁGON AZ 1880-AS ÉVEKTŐL NAPJAINKIG A FÖLDRAJZI KÖZLEMÉNYEKBEN MEGJELENT ÉRTEKEZÉSEK ÉS AZ MTMT ADATBÁZIS BIBLIOGRÁFIAI ELEMZÉSE ALAPJÁN

Péter Szilassi — 2024-11-15

Since Humboldt, landscape is a core concept within geographical research. From the 19th century onwards, the main aim of landscape studies from a geographical perspective was to investigate holistically the interactions between the factors that shape the landscape. From the end of the 19th century to the present day, Hungarian-language geographical publications have always included landscape research, although in varying proportions and with varying emphasis. The complex approach and spatial analysis methods of geography have replaced them in environmental analyses since the second half of the 20th century. In this publication, we analyse quantitatively the content of the titles of scientific publications summarised in the Hungarian Science Bibliography, the Geographical Review of Hungarian Geographical Society, and present the trends in environmental geography and landscape research in Hungary from the 1880s to the present day. According to our results, the changes of wider social environment, the shifting paradigms within geography and the actual research problems had their influence on the frequency and approach of landscape studies – thus, different waves of publications can be identified.

CSUPASZ LEJTŐK KARRJAINAK VIZSGÁLATA

Márton Veress — 2024-11-15

This study deals with the karren formation of bare surfaces. The used methods are theoretical calculations, field mapping, laboratory experiments, and digital modelling. The denudation rate of karren surfaces on bare slopes and based on the data of measurements, the denudation rate of karren in different vegetation belts were given. Mostly, the development of rinnenkarren and meanderkarren was analysed. A function relation was determined between the density of rinnenkarren types and the slope angle. The effect of the main channel and tributary channels on each other was studied by computer modelling. The impact of the wind on the development of karren and the conditions for the development of tropical karren was also investigated.

TÁJFÖLDRAJZI KUTATÁSOK A BÜKKALJÁN

Tibor Elekes — 2024-11-15

The „common denominator” of the diverse research topics and areas at the Institute of Geography and Geoinformatics at the University of Miskolc is the Bükkalja, where the majority of our colleagues have already conducted observations during their varying professional careers. Therefore, it is only natural that in our study, prepared in honour of Dénes Lóczy, we present our main research directions in physical, social and economic geography.

A TÁJHASZNÁLAT ÉS TÁJGAZDÁLKODÁS VÁLTOZÁSA A MAROSSZÖGBEN (18– 19. SZÁZAD)

Sándor Kókai — 2024-11-15

Nowadays, 35 independent settlements are located on the Marosszög floodplain, exploiting the opportunities provided by the microrelief. The region’s ecological properties and resources available to society, which change over time, and its natural and landscape characteristics were markedly different from the historical counties of Csongrád and Csanád, and in certain elements the Bánság and also from other regions of the former Torontál county. Marosszö can be divided into several parts from a landscape-geographical point of view, and as a result of the surface development, it has a threefold geomorphological division. The highest areas (88–96 m) are late pleistocene loess-sand free areas. The old holocene high flood plain is located in a lower surface position (82–87 m), while the new holocene low flood plain is located at the deepest level (77–81 m). Starting from the 18th century, in the reorganization process of economic life, mixed (polyculture) farming became dominant, characteristic of the settlement group as a whole. Until the start of the integrated environmental transformation works, society adapted, and its landscape-shaping and environment-transforming activities were only at the local level. The integrated environmental transformation works strongly changed the geographical foundations of social production and the ecological conditions, the former floodplain habitats, floodplain landscapes and habitats, which corresponded to the way of life of livestock keepers and farmers, disappeared. The use of landscape and resources changed and developed significantly, arable farming became dominant. The nature of agricultural activity has shifted towards crop production in fields and animal husbandry in stables.

A TISZA-TÓ VÁLTOZATOS TERMÉSZETI ADOTTSÁGAINAK TURISZTIKAI KIHASZNÁLÁSA

Borbála Benkhard — 2024-11-15

Lake Tisza is a lowland reservoir with an area of 127 km2 in the middle of the Carpathian Basin established in the 1970s. Among its original functions, in addition to flood control, it was expected to irrigate a larger agricultural area and increase water freight transport. Today, buffering of extreme water conditions, nature conservation and recreation have become the main profiles. The diverse hydroecological features and mosaic landscape structure of the lake allow for versatile nature conservation and utilization in tourism. This differentiated use is in line with the worldwide trend of favouring locations with multiple leisure activities in close proximity to each other. Lake Tisza offers fishing, swimming, sailing, canoeing, nature observation boating and cycling opportunities, but due to its status as a Ramsar bird conservation site, it is also a valuable destination for ornithologists. In the course of our research, we examined the current spatial pattern of these activities and the possible arrangement of expedient further development.

SZŐLŐK A VÁROSBAN: SZŐLŐTERÜLETEK VÁLTOZÁSAI EGER ÉS PÉCS VÁROS TERÜLETÉN 1783-2018 KÖZÖTT

Péter Gyenizse — 2024-11-15

The vineyard cadastre areas of the two cities were compared in this study, which shows up similar characteristics, and carry significant potential settlement opportunities. In both settlements the slopes of 200-250 meters above sea level, mostly 5-12%, carry the majority of the vineyards. However, while grape growing in Eger began on better plots, nowadays it has shifted towards the higher lying slopes. Another difference is that since the end of 20^th century in Pécs, the vineyards above 350 m disappeared due to urbanization. In Eger, the loss mainly affected the valley slopes, their area above 350 m still reaches 9.2%. A more significant difference is the slope exposure. While in Pécs 89% of the vines cover the S-SE slopes, in Eger the distribution is completely even. While 17% of the vineyards in Pécs were planted first in the areas with the best slopes (above 17%), in Eger it remained 13.7%, more than 12 times more than in Pécs in terms of total area. If the trends continue, today's winemakers will aim not primarily at quantitative but at quality improvement, and according to the evidence of wine competitions, they are increasingly successful.

Looking at the total area of the vineyard, Eger, even opposite Pécs, had a dominant, monocultural use until the appearance of phylloxera. Due to the emergence of socialist heavy industry, Pécs lost its vineyards, which fell to less than 5% of the largest area in 1941. Although the decrease was not as great in Eger (it shrank to 41.4%), it still suffered a significant territorial loss. As we have seen, it reached its greatest extent earlier (1883), but by 1984 it was already over the crisis, and by 2018 it had started to slowly improve in quality and increase in quantity. In Eger, the character of the grape and wine region remained a defining and increasingly strong feature of the city's image, while in the case of Pécs, this function was rather relegated to the background.